The Gradual Way to European Monetary Union
Lucjan T. Orlowski
One-off Publications,
No. 3,
2010
Abstract
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“Geschäftsmodell Deutschland“ und außenwirtschaftliche Ungleichgewichte in der EU
Renate Ohr, Götz Zeddies
List Forum für Wirtschafts- und Finanzpolitik,
2010
Abstract
During the last decades, current account imbalances increased all over the world. In this context, countries with current account surpluses, in the European Union especially Germany, are increasingly blamed for their modest wage policies, which are seen as the main reason for global imbalances. On the basis of a panel data model, the present paper indentifies the determinants of current account imbalances of EU Member States. As the results show, price competitiveness is, although significant, only one out of many explanatory variables. Instead, current account imbalances are substantially caused by divergent propensities to save. This does not only relate to public, but also to private savings. Accordingly, demands addressed to Germany and other countries for higher wage agreements alone would be unrewarding. Instead, domestic demand in surplus countries should be increased by other means. On the other hand, in countries with current account deficits, existing savings potentials should be adequately exploited.
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Wege aus der Schulden- und Vertrauenskrise in der Europäischen Wirtschafts- und Währungsunion
Diemo Dietrich, Oliver Holtemöller, Axel Lindner
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 8,
2010
Abstract
Die Europäische Wirtschafts- und Währungsunion (EWWU) befindet sich gegenwärtig in einer Schulden- und Vertrauenskrise. Die europäischen Institutionen haben darauf mit einer Reihe von Maßnahmen reagiert: Ein Finanzstabilisierungsmechanismus wurde geschaffen, und die Europäische Zentralbank hat damit begonnen, die Anleihen von denjenigen Mitgliedsstaaten des Euro-Währungsgebietes aufzukaufen, die auf den Finanzmärkten gar nicht mehr oder nur zu relativ hohen Zinsen Finanzmittel aufnehmen können. Zwar können diese Maßnahmen kurzfristig geeignet sein, die Lage zu stabilisieren; langfristig sind sie jedoch problematisch. So wird das Überschuldungsproblem Griechenlands nicht dauerhaft gelöst und die Krisenanfälligkeit sowohl des Finanzsystems als auch der Mitgliedsstaaten selbst wird nicht gemindert. Die durch die ergriffenen Maßnahmen gewonnene Zeit muss unbedingt zur Stärkung der Institutionen im Euro-Währungsgebiet genutzt werden. Eine graduelle Modifikation des Stabilitäts- und Wachstumspaktes oder die Schaffung neuer politischer Institutionen, zum Beispiel einer europäischen Wirtschaftsregierung, wird dies nicht leisten können. Vielmehr bedarf es der Einsicht, dass Krisen Bestandteil marktwirtschaftlich organisierter Volkswirtschaften sind und dass vorab vereinbarte Regeln für den Umgang mit ihnen festgelegt werden müssen. Dazu zählt vor allem eine Insolvenzordnung für Banken und auch für Staaten, um systemische Risiken zu reduzieren.
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Poverty in EU Countries
Herbert S. Buscher, Ingmar Kumpmann, Li Huan
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 6,
2010
Abstract
The contribution provides an overview of several poverty measures in European countries. These measures are recommended by the so-called Laeken criteria and include, among others, the level of poverty income, the Gini coefficient as a measure of inequality of the income distribution as well as the 90/10- and the 80/20-ratio of the income distribution to shed light on the relation of the income shares in the extreme tails of the distribution. Compared over the years 2000 and 2008, the results indicate an increase in poverty in Europe over time, with Germany being located in the middle of the selected countries. Relative poverty is most severe in the new EU member states such as Romania, Bulgaria, and Latvia.
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The Emergence of Wage Coordination in the Central Western European Metal Sector and its Relationship to European Economic Policy
Vera Glassner, Toralf Pusch
Abstract
In the European Monetary Union the transnational coordination of collective wage bargaining has acquired increased importance on the trade union agenda. The metal sector has been at the forefront of these developments. This paper addresses the issue of crossborder coordination of wage setting in the metal sector in the central western European region, that is, in Germany, the Netherlands and Belgium, where coordination practices have become firmly established in comparison to other sectors. When testing the interaction of wage developments in the metal sector of these three countries, relevant macroeconomic (inflation and labour productivity) and sector-related variables (employment, export-dependence) are considered with reference to the wage policy guidelines of the European Commission and the European Metalworkers’ Federation. Empirical evidence can be found for a wage coordination effect in the form of increasing compliance with the wage policy guidelines of the European Metalworkers’ Federation. The evidence for compliance with the stability-oriented wage guideline of the European Commission is weaker.
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Leistungsbilanzungleichgewichte in der EU – Eine Herausforderung für die europäische Fiskalpolitik?
Toralf Pusch
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 5,
2010
Abstract
In the European Monetary Union there is an ongoing debate about the sustainability of high and long-lasting current account deficits and surpluses. In light of the questions of its proper working as a currency area and inspired by the Optimum Currency Area theory, economic policy proposals have been developed for the institutional amendment of European fiscal policy. This contribution questions if the existing proposals are suitable for addressing the problem of current account balances which are deemed to be excessive. Alternatives have to be developed with a symmetrical impact, thus targeting excessive current account deficits and surpluses as well. At the same time, a challenge for such an alternative would be a more effective implementation than the existing modes of European economic policy coordination.
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Competition and Antitrust Policy in the Enlarged European Union: A Level Playing Field?
Jens Hölscher, Johannes Stephan
Journal of Common Market Studies,
2009
Abstract
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European Commission, Leibniz Association and IWH Discuss Innovation Related Policy in Transitions Regions
Björn Jindra, Katja Wilde
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 7,
2009
Abstract
On February 17, 2009, the Halle Institute for Economic Research (IWH) and the Leibniz Association (WGL) held the final conference of the EU-project “Understanding the Relationship between Knowledge and Competitiveness in the Enlarging European Union” (U-know) in Brussels. The research dealt with systemic aspects of innovation and knowledge transfer as well as the development of R&D (research and development) and innovation related policy. Thereby, a particular emphasis was put on the challenges facing the new EU member states and East Germany. The research project proved to be very productive with 54 research papers in refereed journals as well as 33 articles in edited volumes.
The aim of the conference was to present and discuss the main results of the U-know project with experts from the industry as well as the political and scientific community. Within four parallel sessions (Enterprises and markets, Public science and industry links, Systems and governance, Role of institutions), research output was presented. Representatives of the EU Commission commented directly on the presentations with a view on policy implications. In a final panel, all participants underlined the increasing importance of education, R&D, and innovation related policy to support the competitiveness of the EU-15 countries as well as the catching-up process of the new EU member states. The conference has raised significant interest both within the scientific community and the EU Commission.
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Is the European Monetary Union an Endogenous Currency Area? The Example of the Labor Markets
Herbert S. Buscher, Hubert Gabrisch
IWH Discussion Papers,
No. 7,
2009
Abstract
Our study tries to find out whether wage dynamics between Euro member countries became more synchronized through the adoption of the common currency. We calculate bivarate correlation coefficients of wage and wage cost dynamics and run a model of endogenously induced changes of coefficients, which are explained by other variables being also endogenous: trade intensity, sectoral specialization, financial integration. We used a panel data structure to allow for cross-section weights for country-pair observations. We use instrumental variable regressions in order to disentangle exogenous from endogenous influences. We applied these techniques to real and nominal wage dynamics and to dynamics of unit labor costs. We found evidence for persistent asymmetries in nominal wage formation despite a single currency and monetary policy, responsible for diverging unit labor costs and for emerging trade imbalances among the EMU member countries.
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