Understanding Post-Covid Inflation Dynamics
Martín Harding, Jesper Lindé, Mathias Trabandt
Abstract
We propose a macroeconomic model with a nonlinear Phillips curve that has a flat slope when inflationary pressures are subdued and steepens when inflationary pressures are elevated. The nonlinear Phillips curve in our model arises due to a quasi-kinked demand schedule for goods produced by firms. Our model can jointly account for the modest decline in inflation during the Great Recession and the surge in inflation during the Post-Covid period. Because our model implies a stronger transmission of shocks when inflation is high, it generates conditional heteroscedasticity in inflation and inflation risk. Hence, our model can generate more sizeable inflation surges due to cost-push and demand shocks than a standard linearized model. Finally, our model implies that the central bank faces a more severe trade-off between inflation and output stabilization when inflation is high.
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Skills, Earnings, and Employment: Exploring Causality in the Estimation of Returns to Skills
Franziska Hampf, Simon Wiederhold, Ludger Woessmann
Large-scale Assessments in Education,
No. 12,
2017
Abstract
Ample evidence indicates that a person’s human capital is important for success on the labor market in terms of both wages and employment prospects. However, unlike the efforts to identify the impact of school attainment on labor-market outcomes, the literature on returns to cognitive skills has not yet provided convincing evidence that the estimated returns can be causally interpreted. Using the PIAAC Survey of Adult Skills, this paper explores several approaches that aim to address potential threats to causal identification of returns to skills, in terms of both higher wages and better employment chances. We address measurement error by exploiting the fact that PIAAC measures skills in several domains. Furthermore, we estimate instrumental-variable models that use skill variation stemming from school attainment and parental education to circumvent reverse causation. Results show a strikingly similar pattern across the diverse set of countries in our sample. In fact, the instrumental-variable estimates are consistently larger than those found in standard least-squares estimations. The same is true in two “natural experiments,” one of which exploits variation in skills from changes in compulsory-schooling laws across U.S. states. The other one identifies technologically induced variation in broadband Internet availability that gives rise to variation in ICT skills across German municipalities. Together, the results suggest that least-squares estimates may provide a lower bound of the true returns to skills in the labor market.
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Coping with Change: International Differences in the Returns to Skills
Eric A. Hanushek, Guido Schwerdt, Simon Wiederhold, Ludger Woessmann
Economics Letters,
April
2017
Abstract
International data from the PIAAC survey allow estimation of comparable labor-market returns to skills for 32 countries. Returns to skills are larger in faster growing economies, consistent with the hypothesis that skills are particularly important for adaptation to economic change.
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Africa’s Skill Tragedy
Jan Bietenbeck, Marc Piopiunik, Simon Wiederhold
Journal of Human Resources,
No. 3,
2018
Abstract
We study the importance of teacher subject knowledge for student performance in Sub-Saharan Africa using unique international assessment data for sixth-grade students and their teachers. To circumvent bias due to unobserved student heterogeneity, we exploit variation within students across math and reading. Teacher subject knowledge has a modest impact on student performance. Exploiting vast cross-country differences in economic development, we find that teacher knowledge is effective only in more developed African countries. Results are robust to adding teacher fixed effects and accounting for potential sorting based on subject-specific factors.
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The Effects of Graduating from High School in a Recession: College Investments, Skill Formation, and Labor-Market Outcomes
Franziska Hampf, Marc Piopiunik, Simon Wiederhold
CESifo Working Paper,
No. 8252,
2020
Abstract
We investigate the short- and long-term effects of economic conditions at high-school graduation as a source of exogenous variation in the labor-market opportunities of potential college entrants. Exploiting business cycle fluctuations across birth cohorts for 28 developed countries, we find that bad economic conditions at high-school graduation increase college enrollment and graduation. They also affect outcomes in later life, increasing cognitive skills and improving labor-market success. Outcomes are affected only by the economic conditions at high-school graduation, but not by those during earlier or later years. Recessions at high-school graduation narrow the gender gaps in numeracy skills and labor-market success.
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06.04.2023 • 10/2023
IWH-Insolvenztrend: Zahl der Firmenpleiten steigt auf höchsten Stand seit Mai 2020
Die Zahl der Insolvenzen von Personen- und Kapitalgesellschaften ist im März deutlich gestiegen, zeigt die aktuelle Analyse des Leibniz-Instituts für Wirtschaftsforschung Halle (IWH). Damit liegen die Insolvenzzahlen nur noch knapp unter dem Niveau der Jahre vor der Corona-Pandemie.
Steffen Müller
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07.03.2023 • 6/2023
IWH-Insolvenztrend: Überdurchschnittlich viele Jobs von Firmenpleiten betroffen
Die Zahl der Insolvenzen von Personen- und Kapitalgesellschaften ist im Februar gestiegen, zeigt die aktuelle Analyse des Leibniz-Instituts für Wirtschaftsforschung Halle (IWH). Außerdem liegt die Zahl der betroffenen Jobs erneut über dem Durchschnitt der Vorkrisenjahre.
Steffen Müller
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09.02.2023 • 3/2023
IWH-Insolvenztrend: Jahresstart mit niedrigeren Insolvenzzahlen, doch Anstieg in nächsten Monaten erwartet
Die Zahl der Insolvenzen von Personen- und Kapitalgesellschaften ist im Januar im Vergleich zum Vormonat zurückgegangen, zeigt die aktuelle Analyse des Leibniz-Instituts für Wirtschaftsforschung Halle (IWH). Für die kommenden Monate ist jedoch mit mehr neuen Insolvenzverfahren zu rechnen.
Steffen Müller
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