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Year
Refresh
Enterprise networks in East Germany: Concentration on conglomerates.
Gerhard Heimpold
Wirtschaft im Wandel, No. 4, 2005
Abstract
Mit dem Vorhandensein von Unternehmensnetzwerken wird zumeist eine hohe Wettbewerbsfähigkeit der Wirtschaft in der betreffenden Region assoziiert. Eine erstmals flächendeckend für Ostdeutschland vorgenommene Bestandsaufnahme von Unternehmensnetzwerken zeigt eine erhebliche räumliche Ungleichverteilung von Netzwerkaktivitäten zugunsten der sächsischen Agglomerationsräume und zugunsten der Hauptstadtregion. Diese räumlichen Schwerpunkte der Netzwerkbildung lassen erkennen, dass sich Netzwerke am ehesten dort herausbilden und entwickeln, wo sie günstige „natürliche“ Entwicklungsbedingungen, d. h. vor allem eine hohe Dichte von Unternehmen und Wissenschaftseinrichtungen vorfinden. Dort können zugleich besonders intensive lieferund abnehmerseitige Verflechtungen vermutet werden. Dass die höher verdichten Regionen günstige „natürliche“ Bedingungen für die Etablierung von Netzwerken darstellen, wird auch an dem Umstand deutlich, dass in diesen Räumen besonders häufig Übereinstimmungen zwischen Unternehmensnetzwerken und regionalen Branchenschwerpunkten gegeben sind. Diese Übereinstimmungen können als vorteilhaft für die Regionalentwicklung angesehen werden, weil sie Indizien für das Vorhandensein von längerfristig gegebenen tendenziell nachhaltigen Netzwerkstrukturen sind. In dünn besiedelten, ländlich-peripheren Region ist dagegen die Zahl der Unternehmensnetzwerke zumeist gering, und sie werden sehr häufig nicht durch einen regionalen Branchenschwerpunkt begleitet. Es stellt sich die Frage nach der künftigen Bestandsfestigkeit der Unternehmensnetzwerke gerade in diesen Regionen mit geringer Verdichtung. Diese Frage erhält noch zusätzliches Gewicht, weil öffentliche Förderhilfen, die viele Netzwerke in Ostdeutschland erhalten, zeitlich befristet sind und daher die Fortexistenz der Netzwerke auch ohne Förderung eine besondere Herausforderung darstellt.
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A Commentary - What effects will the EU enlargement to the east have for the German regions along the border to Poland and the Czech Republic?
Gerhard Heimpold
Wirtschaft im Wandel, No. 4, 2004
Abstract
Am 1. Mai 2004 werden 10 neue Staaten, darunter auch Deutschlands östliche Nachbarn, die Republik Polen und die Tschechische Republik, der Europäischen Union beitreten. Zur Freude über ein erweitertes Integrationsbündnis, das ein Mehr an Stabilität, Sicherheit und Wohlstand für seine alten und neuen Mitglieder verspricht, kommt allerdings die Sorge hinzu, dass nicht alle Regionen in diesem erweiterten Europa von den Wohlfahrtsgewinnen der ökonomischen Integration profitieren werden. Solche Sorgen existieren speziell mit Blick auf die Regionen entlang der östlichen Außengrenze Deutschlands, vom Oderhaff bis zum Bayerischen Wald, wobei die ostdeutschen Grenzregionen als wirtschaftlich besonders schwach gelten. Es gibt sogar Stimmen, die im Zuge der EU-Erweiterung eine wirtschaftliche Entleerung dieser Teilräume befürchten. Sind diese Sorgen gerechtfertigt? Hat die Politik etwa ein schon länger schwelendes Problem verdrängt?
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Current Trends - East Germany still lacks companies
Gerhard Heimpold
Wirtschaft im Wandel, No. 12, 2003
Abstract
Die Unternehmensdichte gehört mit zu den wichtigsten Entwicklungsdeterminanten einer Region, denn sie beeinflusst die Beschäftigung, den Wettbewerb und das Innovationsgeschehen. Gemessen an den Verhältnissen in Westdeutschland hat Ostdeutschland eine Unternehmenslücke. Die Zahl der Umsatzsteuerpflichtigen je 10 000 Einwohner, die hier als Indikator zur näherungsweisen Abbildung der Unternehmensdichte verwendet wird, lag im Jahr 2001 in den ostdeutschen Flächenländern bei 293 im Vergleich zu 367 in den westdeutschen Flächenländern.
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On the presence of important growth factors in German regions along the border with Poland
Gerhard Heimpold
Wirtschaft im Wandel, No. 7, 2003
Abstract
The German regions bordering on Poland are regarded as economically weak. Prior to the EU enlargement there was great uncertainty about the economic prospects of these regions. Against this background this contribution tries to shed some light on this debate about the future of the border regions. The empirical research shows two different findings: Firstly, the border space is not a homogeneous one. Rather, certain sub-regions show strengths – for instance the university towns in terms of the availability of human capital and of service industries. Other districts are remarkable for their great share of employees in the manufacturing sector as well as for their exceptionally high industrial investment. Secondly, the border regions show an endowment with essential growth determinants which is often below East Germany as a whole. But this is the case in many other East German regions too. The East-West disparities turn out to be much more serious than the intra-East German disparities.
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Comparable types of regions in East and West Germany show disparities – East German urban agglomerations have difficulties!
Gerhard Heimpold, Martin T. W. Rosenfeld
Wirtschaft im Wandel, No. 15, 2002
Abstract
A discussion about the reform of regional policy in Germany and in the EU is ongoing. Against this background the article investigates the regional disparities between similar types of regions in East and West Germany after reunification. The findings do not only show a general East-West gap of economic welfare and of their determinants but also a visible spatial differentiation. It shows that the East German agglomerations have disadvantages in the field of interregional competition. They are worse endowed with crucial growth determinants compared with their West German counterparts, whereas the East-West differences for urbanized regions (where the population density is medium-sized) and rural regions are smaller. The disadvantages stated suggest a stronger concentration of regional policy in favour of these agglomerated spaces targeted on improving the locational attractiveness and strengthening their function as driving forces of the economic catch-up process in East Germany.
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Institution Building for Regional Policy in Central and Eastern European Countries – Ready for Accession to the EU?
Gerhard Heimpold
Wirtschaft im Wandel, No. 6, 2002
Abstract
The contribution investigates the state of institution building for regional policy purposes in Poland, the Czech Republic and Hungary - candidate countries, which are preparing to become EU member states. In comparison with the situation at the beginning of the 1990s, when regional policy had only little importance in these countries, some progress has been achieved in the field of institution building, primarily at national level. A lot, however, still has to be done to complete this institution building: adaptation of programmes to the requirements of the EU regulations set for structural funds, designation of the management authorities and paying authorities, better coordination between the various central state institutions involved in regional policy, inclusion of regions into the national programming process. The competencies of these latter in the sphere of regional policy, which should be strengthened in the course of administrative reform in all the countries investigated, have not gained a foothold yet. In the accession states there is a need to clarify how the regions could be involved in the process of elaboration and realization of regional policy programmes.
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Public Research Institutions in East Germany: a Promising Base for Economic Upturn?
Gerhard Heimpold, Martin T. W. Rosenfeld
Wirtschaft im Wandel, No. 15, 2001
Abstract
In the 1990s a lot was done to strengthen public research efforts in East Germany. The main indicators relating to public research reflect an ambivalent picture. Investment by universities and public research institutions outside the universities reached a higher level than in West Germany. However, there remains an East-West gap with respect to the capital stock. The per capita stock of R&D staff in the university sector reached almost the level in the old Länder. With respect to the university R&D in engineering sciences, among those fields of university research which are particularly business-related, per capita stock of staff as well as per capita investment in the Eastern German Länder are above the West German level. In university natural science the East-West pattern of the R&D input factors mentioned is reversed. The receipts of the universities acquired from research contracts, which may be used as an indicator to assess the quality of public research, reveal shortcomings. These shortcomings, though these have been partly caused by the transitional situation in East Germany`s universities, where new institutions were built up only gradually. The R&D institutions outside the universities are obviously better equipped than such institutions in West Germany. The visible advantages offered by public sector research institutions in East Germany might be used much more intensively to foster the economic reconstruction in East Germany. In parallel with this, the remaining shortcomings of public R&D in East Germany should be eliminated. If reductions in universities´ capacities (due, for instance, to a declining number of persons who have a university entrance qualification) seem to be inevitable, the consequences of such restrictions should be carefully reconsidered.
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The East-West entrepreneurial gap – a crucial economic problem in East Germany?
Gerhard Heimpold
Wirtschaft im Wandel, No. 9, 2001
Abstract
The ratio of business units per inhabitant is one of the most important factors that determine the development of economies and regions, because it has a strong impact on competition, employment and innovation. In East Germany, where the process of catching up has decelerated since the mid-nineties, the findings on this topic are ambivalent: on the one hand, half a million self-employed persons are counted and a similar number of companies are registered by the regional Chambers of Industry and Commerce. Furthermore, about 157.000 companies engaged in handicraft exist. These figures can be regarded as a success compared to the beginning of the nineties at the outset of systemic transformation. On the other hand, a striking entrepreneurial gap in East Germany still exists compared to the situation in the western part. It seems that this gap will not be closed in the near future, even on the contrary: the number of newly registered business units in East Germany has declined. Against this background, the promotion of entrepreneurship will remain a great challenge on the political agenda.
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Economic Development in Saxony-Anhalt: empirical results and policy recommendations
Franz Barjak, Peter Franz, Gerhard Heimpold, Martin T. W. Rosenfeld
Wirtschaft im Wandel, No. 3, 2001
Abstract
Though the basic economic problems are still of the same kind all over East Germany, partially considerable regional differences exist in respect to the conditions for further economic development. Therefore, detailed empirical analyses for the individual Länder and their sub-regions are necessary making economic policy recommendations. The following contribution deals with this task taking Saxony-Anhalt as an example. A multitude of indicators is used to bring out the specific strengths and weaknesses of the economy of this state (Land) and its sub-regions. The outstanding strength of Saxony-Anhalt are the high private investment outlays which served to build a modern capital stock during the past ten years. Another fundamental strength of the Land are the universities and public research institutions. Besides these unambiguous strengths some ‘ambivalent’ growth factors exist which are characterized by strengths as well as by weaknesses. Such ‘ambivalent’ growth factors are the infrastructure and the situation of important sectors and branches of economic activity. The weaknesses of Saxony-Anhalt’s economic structure find expression especially in its low supply with human capital and entrepreneurial initiative as well as in the few research and development efforts of its firms. The aforementioned strengths of the Land are reflected insufficiently in its economic output. Consequently some economic policy measures are proposed to bring about an improvement: Amongst other things Saxony-Anhalt should develop a clear idea of its economic development (Leitbild). Such a Leitbild could be related to the Land’s strengths or to the elimination of its major weaknesses. This also would facilitate a concentrated use of the different economic policy instruments. The latter shouldn’t only be concentrated on singular economic growth factors but also spatially, on the economically stronger sub-regions, as this can lead to larger growth effects for the entire Land. The good provision with public research institutions in Saxony-Anhalt should be used to bring about an improvement of the economic structure to a larger extent than until now. This could be done for example by means of a further strengthening of applied research vs. basic research, possibly via orienting the public research more towards the existing branches of economic activity. Finally, the Land should intensify its efforts to increase the entrepreneurial initiative in Saxony-Anhalt, e. g. by means of introducing courses in economics in its schools.
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Higher investment subsidies for East German border regions; little appropriate in preparation for the EU's enlargement to the East - A commentary
Gerhard Heimpold
Wirtschaft im Wandel, No. 16, 2000
Abstract
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