Kooperation, Vernetzung und Erfolg von Unternehmen - die Biotechnologiebranche
Walter Komar
List Forum für Wirtschafts- und Finanzpolitik,
No. 2,
2005
Abstract
According to theoretical implications the succes of enterprises benefits from co-operation and integration into networks. Enterprises of the biotechnology sector in particular have a high propensity to build up co-operations. Estimations of the growth of firms using co-operation-based and non-co-operation-based factors as independent variables reveal a significantly positive influence of the propensity of co-operation as well as networking. In this regard scientific institutions and universities located in geographical proximity of firms play an important role. From this analysis it can be generalized and concluded, concerning other industries too, that networks emerge automatically under certain conditions. Nevertheless their creation and development should be encouraged, e.g. by efficiency incentives for public research and education of universities as well as an intensification of co-operation and networking between the scientific and the corporate sector. This can promote the technology and human capital transfer.
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Innovationskooperationen deutscher Unternehmen im europäischen und innerdeutschen Vergleich
Jutta Günther
Der Mittelstand an der Schwelle zur Informationsgesellschaft,
2005
Abstract
The study deals with innovation cooperation as a means to improve the competitiveness of enterprises. The empirical study compares the cooperation behaviour of innovative enterprises in Germany to other West European countries as well as between East and West Germany. The database used is the second Community Innovation Survey (CIS-2) of the EU. While German firms exhibit a cooperation frequency slightly below the average of the European Economic Area (EEA), enterprises in North European countries are by far most active with respect to cooperation frequency. The most important cooperation partner for firms in the EEA are other firms within the enterprise group, followed by suppliers and customers while German firms cooperate most frequently with universities. The comparative investigation of innovation cooperation in East and West Germany shows that East German firms cooperate more often than West German firms. However, a productivity advantage of cooperating firms against non-cooperating firms is only observable in West Germany. In East Germany, cooperating firms even exhibit a lower sales productivity than non-cooperating firms, which is explainable most probably through the fact that cooperation activities translate into productivity advantages only in the long run.
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Eastern Germany in the process of catching-up: the role of foreign and Western German investors in technological renewal
Jutta Günther, Oliver Gebhardt
Eastern European Economics,
No. 3,
2005
Abstract
Foreign direct investment as a means to support system transformation and the ongoing process of catching-up development has caught researcher’s attention for a number of Central and Eastern European countries. Not much research, however, has been carried out for East Germany in this respect although FDI plays an important role in East Germany too. Descriptive analysis by the use of unique survey data shows that foreign and West German affiliates perform much better with respect to technological capability and labor productivity than domestic companies in East Germany. The results of the regression analysis, however, show that it is not the status of ownership as such that forms a significant determinant of innovativeness in East Germany but rather general firms specific characteristics attached to it such as firm size, export-intensity, technical state of the equipment, and R&D activities. Due to the fact that foreign and West German affiliates perform better with respect to exactly all of these characteristics, they can be considered as a means to support the process of technological renewal and economic development.
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Was bringt die Wissenschaft für die Wirtschaft in einer Region? Regionale Innovations-, Wachstums- und Einkommenseffekte von öffentlichen Hochschulen und Forschungseinrichtungen am Beispiel der Region Halle
Peter Franz, Diana Roth, Martin T. W. Rosenfeld
Schriften des IWH,
No. 18,
2004
Abstract
In neueren regionalökonomischen Theorien wird davon ausgegangen, dass die räumliche Nähe sowie Netzwerkbeziehungen zwischen den Unternehmen und anderen Akteu-ren in einer Region eine erhebliche Rolle für regionale Innovations- und Wachstumsprozesse spielen. Als „andere Akteure“ werden nicht zuletzt die öffentlichen Wissen-schaftseinrichtungen (Hochschulen und außeruniversitäre Forschungseinrichtungen) angeführt. Wissenschaftseinrichtungen sind vor allem deshalb für regionale Entwicklungsprozesse von Bedeutung, weil sie zwei Faktoren relativ unmittelbar beeinflussen können, denen heute ein entscheidender Einfluss auf die wirtschaftliche Entwicklung beigemessen wird. Diese Faktoren sind das Humankapital (in der Gestalt von Absolventen der Hochschulen sowie der an den Wissenschaftseinrichtungen tätigen Wissenschaftler) und das von den Wissenschaftseinrichtungen produzierte Wissen, insbesondere das nicht-kodifizierte Wissen („tacit knowledge“), das an die Person eines Forschers und damit an seinen Standort gebunden ist.
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East German innovative expertise strongest in Berlin and Dresden
Peter Franz
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 1,
2005
Abstract
Bestrebungen, die Wirtschaftsförderung sowohl sektoral als auch regional stärker zu konzentrieren, ziehen einen erhöhten Informationsbedarf über solche Schwerpunktbildungen („Cluster“) auf Seiten der Politik nach sich. In diesem Kontext hat das IWH in einem Gutachten die räumliche Verteilung von Branchenschwerpunkten, Unternehmensnetzwerken und innovativen Kompetenzfeldern für Ostdeutschland flächendeckend untersucht...
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The Role of Regional Knowledge Sources for Innovation – An Empirical Assessment
Michael Fritsch, Viktor Slavtchev
Freiberg Working Papers, Nr. 15-2005,
No. 15,
2005
Abstract
We investigate the contribution of different inputs, particularly different knowledge sources, on regional patenting output in the framework of a knowledge production function. The knowledge sources included are R&D employment, size of public research institutions by field of research (budget), amount of university external research funds from private firms, public departments, German Science Foundation (DFG), and from other sources. The contribution of these knowledge sources is tested systematically on the level of German districts (Kreise) by including the respective information for the particular region and for adjacent regions. One main finding is that the quality of the university research makes some contribution to regional innovation while the mere size of the universities is unimportant. Differences in the effect on innovative output can be found according to academic disciplines and type of university.
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Effectiveness of Innovation Policies Biotechnology in Germany (1994-2001)
Iciar Dominguez Lacasa, Thomas Reiss
Efficiency of innovation policies in high technology sectors in Europe,
2004
Abstract
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Effectiveness of Innovation Policies Biotechnology in Finland (1994-2001)
Iciar Dominguez Lacasa, Thomas Reiss
Efficiency of innovation policies in high technology sectors in Europe,
2004
Abstract
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Technology spillovers from external investors in East Germany: no overall effects in favor of domestic firms
Harald Lehmann, Jutta Günther
IWH Discussion Papers,
No. 198,
2004
Abstract
The study deals with the question whether external (foreign and West German) investors in East Germany induce technological spillover effects in favor of domestic firms. It ties in with a number of other econometric spillover studies, especially for transition economies, which show rather mixed and inconclusive results so far. Different from existing spillover analyses, this study allows for a much deeper regional breakdown up to Raumordnungsregionen and uses a branch classification that explicitly considers intermediate and investment good linkages. The regression results show no positive correlation between the presence of external investors and domestic firms’ productivity, no matter which regional breakdown is looked at (East Germany as a whole, federal states, or Raumordnungsregionen). Technology spillovers which may exist in particular cases are obviously not strong enough to increase the domestic firms’ overall productivity.
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