Verschlechterung der Beschäftigungschancen durch Teilnahme an Arbeitsbeschaffungs- und Strukturanpassungsmaßnahmen - Oder gibt es Ausnahmen?
Eva Reinowski, Birgit Schultz, Jürgen Wiemers
Statistik in Sachsen,
2004
Abstract
In diesem Beitrag wird eine differenzierte Analyse der Maßnahmeeffekte bei Teilnahme an einer Arbeitsbeschaffungsmaßnahme (ABM) oder einer Strukturanpassungsmaßnahme (SAM) auf die Arbeitslosigkeitsdauer der Teilnehmer vorgestellt. Die Effekte werden für die gesamte Teilnehmergruppe und Untergruppen, die anhand ausgewählter persönlicher Merkmale gebildet worden sind, untersucht. Wenngleich für die einzelnen Gruppen graduell unterschiedliche Ergebnisse festzustellen sind, kann für keine ein positiver Maßnahmeneffekt ermittelt werden.
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Business services in East Germany - an update
Siegfried Beer
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 8,
2004
Abstract
The article presents the results of the German service sector statistic 2001 for company oriented services in the New Länder (without Berlin), which have been derived from data of the regional statistical offices. The article can be regarded as an update of an earlier version (see “Wirtschaft im Wandel”, 12/2003, p.342-349). Fundamental results are: 1. Compared to 2000, the New Länder’s proportion of Germany’s total revenue and employment in company oriented services has, compared to 2000, slightly increased, but remains rather small. 2. The profitability of East German companies has deteriorated, measured by total expenses per sales unit. Partially this might be due to the increased number of businesses. 3. Last evaluation’s assumption, that East German company’s labor productivity (gross value added per employees) is half of the West German’s, has been proofed in this actual evaluation. An illustration of reasons is not being provided since it has been discussed extensively in the first evaluation.
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Promotion of investment in East Germany - Results of an empirical study of effectiveness
Harald Lehmann, Andreas Stierwald
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 5,
2004
Abstract
In Germany considerable amounts of public funds are being spent on business development programs. In order to do so economic reasoning is needed. In particular the programs for supporting investment lack microeconometric empirical evaluation. To close this gap the special program „Gemeinschaftsaufgabe zur Verbesserung der regionalen Wirtschaftsstruktur“ (GA) is exemplarily analyzed. This program is intended to strengthen the capital stock of the East German economy, so firms of the East German manufacturing industries will be studied. A comparison of the two fundamental methods for microeconometric evaluation shall demonstrate the general problems in analyzing the effectiveness of development programs. The matching estimator provides more stable results then a sample selectivity model. The results suggest that the GA generates considerable extra investment activities.
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Evaluation of Further Training Programmes with an Optimal Matching Algorithm
Eva Reinowski, Birgit Schultz, Jürgen Wiemers
IWH Discussion Papers,
No. 188,
2004
Abstract
This study evaluates the effects of further training on the individual unemployment duration of different groups of persons representing individual characteristics and some aspects of the economic environment. The Micro Census Saxony enables us to include additional information about a person's employment history to eliminate the bias resulting from unobservable characteristics and to avoid Ashenfelter's Dip. In order to solve the sample selection problem we employ an optimal full matching assignment, the Hungarian algorithm. The impact of participation in further training is evaluated by comparing the unemployment duration between participants and non-participants using the Kaplan-Meier-estimator. Overall, we find empirical evidence that participation in further training programmes results in even longer unemployment duration.
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Markets for Bank Subordinated Debt and Equity in Basel Committee Member Countries
Reint E. Gropp, Jukka M. Vesala
BCBS Working Papers, No. 12,
No. 12,
2003
Abstract
This Basel Committee working paper is a study of the markets for banks' securities in ten countries (Belgium, France, Germany, Japan, the Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and the United States). It aims at contributing to the assessment of the potential effectiveness of direct and indirect market discipline. This is achieved through collecting a rich set of data on the detailed characteristics of the instruments used by banks to tap capital markets, the frequency and size of their issuance activity, and the share of issuing banks in national banking systems. Further, information is collected on the amounts of debt and equity outstanding and about trading volumes and liquidity. Developments over the period from 1990-2001 are evaluated.
The paper focuses on subordinated bonds among banks' debt instruments, because they are the prime class of uninsured instruments suited to generate market discipline and have been proposed by some observers as a mandatory requirement for banks.
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Cross subsidization of municipal services in Germany: Current importance and evaluation with respect to efficiency and distribution
Peter Haug
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 9,
2003
Abstract
rotz Liberalisierung des Energiemarktes und der absehbaren Deregulierung des Öffentlichen Personennahverkehrs (ÖPNV) innerhalb der EU hat die Quersubventionierung des Nahverkehrs über die Gewinne der kommunalen Versorgungsunternehmen nach wie vor eine große quantitative Bedeutung in Deutschland. Dies belegt eine Erhebung des IWH in deutschen Großstädten. Diese Praxis kann aus wohlfahrtsökonomischer Sicht und aus der Verteilungsperspektive als ineffizient bzw. nicht mit den üblichen Vorstellungen von Bedarfsgerechtigkeit vereinbar beurteilt werden. Soll aus politischen Gründen das ÖPNV-Angebot im bisherigen Umfang aufrechterhalten werden, wäre unter Umständen eine alternative Finanzierungsform geboten.
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New fields of application for the input-output analysis in Germany - Contributions to the Input-Output Workshop 2002 in Halle
IWH-Sonderhefte,
No. 4,
2003
Abstract
Centrepiece of the discussion is the employment-orientated evaluation of large scale Investments. The analysis is based on the static open Input-Output-Model. For both, industrial as well as construction projects, the direct and indirect employment effects at the construction as well as the utilization stage are being estimated and combined with the multiplier effect caused by the created income. Finally, the discussion concludes by evaluating the employment effects of the necessary reconstruction efforts after the flood in summer 2002.
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Evaluation of labor market policy measures: Traps and possible solutions
Eva Reinowski, Birgit Schultz, Jürgen Wiemers
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 6,
2003
Abstract
The paper intends to give a survey on nonparametric methods to solve the sample selection problem. We give the main idea and discuss advantages and disadvantages of the procedures that are used for the evaluation of Active Labour Market Policy. The two step Nearest-Neighbor-Matching is presented in detail, because it became the standard technique in the recent years. The IWH refines this method to improve the quality of evaluation results.
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Employment chances deteriorate upon participation in job creating and structural adjustment schemes - Or are there exceptions?
Eva Reinowski, Birgit Schultz, Jürgen Wiemers
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 6,
2003
Abstract
In this paper we present the evaluation of the participation effect of Job Creation Schemes (ABM) and Structural Adjustment Schemes(SAM) on unemployment probability. The focus is on special groups which differ in individual characteristics. We found a strong negative treatment effect with gradual differences between separate groups.
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Evaluation von Maßnahmen der aktiven Arbeitsmarktpolitik mit Hilfe eines iterativen Matching-Algorithmus - Eine Fallstudie über langzeitarbeitslose Maßnahmeteilnehmer in Sachsen
Eva Reinowski, Birgit Schultz, Jürgen Wiemers
IWH Discussion Papers,
No. 173,
2003
Abstract
The paper evaluates the effects of two labor market programs in Germany, namely the Job Creation- /Structural Adjustment Scheme and Vocational Training, on the unemployment duration of long term unemployed persons. The study uses data from the Mikrozensus Sachsen. A two step Nearest-Neighbor-Matching is employed to solve the sample selection problem. The first step is the estimation of the participation tendency to obtain potential pairs and to compute their Mahalanobis distances. For the assignment of pairs in the second step two different procedures are used: a standard technique and a new one - the iterative improvement of an initial assignment. This process is superior to the standard matching algorithms in the sense that it allows for a closer match between participants and non-participants. Including additional information about a person’s employment history enables us to eliminate the bias due to unobservables. The impact of participation in a labor market program is evaluated by comparing the unemployment duration between both groups using the Cox Proportional Hazard Model. Overall we find empirical evidence that both participation in Job Creation- /Structural Adjustment Scheme and Vocational Training result in even longer unemployment.
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