IWH-Industrieumfrage im Januar 2010: Auftriebskräfte haben sich verstärkt
Cornelia Lang
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
20 Jahre Deutsche Einheit - Teil 2 -
2010
Abstract
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IWH-Bauumfrage in Ostdeutschland zum Jahresauftakt 2010: Baugewerbe kommt bislang glimpflich durch die Krise
Brigitte Loose
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
20 Jahre Deutsche Einheit - Teil 2 -
2010
Abstract
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24.02.2010 • 5/2010
IWH-Industrieumfrage in Ostdeutschland zum Jahresauftakt 2010: Nach der tiefen Krise – Umsatz- und Beschäftigungspläne wieder im Plus
Das vergangene Jahr ist für das Verarbeitende Gewerbe Ostdeutschlands schwierig gewesen. Dem allgemeinen konjunkturellen Abwärtssog konnte es sich nicht entziehen, wenngleich manche Krisenerscheinungen aufgrund der geringeren Exportverflechtungen und der kleinteiligeren Struktur der ostdeutschen Industrie im Vergleich zur westdeutschen schwächer oder zeitverzögert in Erscheinung traten. Dennoch brachen Umsätze und Erträge auch hier ein, vor allem im Vorleistungsgütergewerbe. Auch Unternehmen mit 250 und mehr Mitarbeitern berichteten fast das gesamte Jahr 2009 hindurch über ein trübes Geschäftsklima. Vergleichsweise gut sind die Hersteller von Ge-und Verbrauchsgütern durch die Krise gekommen.
International Banking and Liquidity Allocation: Cross-border Financial Services versus Multinational Banking
Diemo Dietrich, Uwe Vollmer
Journal of Financial Services Research,
2010
Abstract
This paper explores the comparative advantage of multinational banking over cross-border financial services in terms of capitalizing on a global access to funding sources. We argue that this advantage depends on the benefit and the cost of multinational banks' intimacy with local markets. The benefit is that it allows multinational banks to create more liquidity. The cost is that it causes inefficiencies in internal capital markets, on which a bank relies to allocate liquidity across countries. We analyze the conditions under which multinational banking is then likely to arise and show that capital requirements have an effect as they influence the degree of inefficiency in internal capital markets for alternative organization structures differently.
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Unternehmensnetzwerke in der Photovoltaik-Industrie – Starke Verbundenheit und hohe Kooperationsintensität
Christoph Hornych, Matthias Brachert
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 1,
2010
Abstract
The Photovoltaic-(PV)-Industry is a comparatively new industrial sector which is affected by high level of uncertainty. This uncertainty is derived from different technology paths as same as uncertainty about the future market developments. Important instruments to come up with uncertainty are firm networks. Thereby the state of the knowledge about the degree of interconnectedness between the German PV-industry is poor. This article aims to close this gap by giving an overview about the integration of PV-enterprises in firm networks.
The empirical analysis of the network structure of the German PV-industry thereby confirms the expected high level of network relations. Almost nine out of ten firms cooperate with other PV-firms in Germany. Also, the intensity of cooperation turns out to be above the average compared to other industrial sectors. On average one PV-firm cooperates with 5.8 other PV-firms. This indicates possibilities for a better knowledge exchange in the sector. Overall the high cooperation intensity supports the assumption that PV-industry is able to benefit from the spatial concentration of the industry in the region.
Despite the dense network which has already emerged, the promotion of networks can still be an efficient paradigm to support innovativeness and growth in this sector. This is going to be even more successful if the results of the network analysis are integrated into the government supporting scheme.
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27.01.2010 • 3/2010
Unternehmensnetzwerke in der Photovoltaik-Industrie – starke Verbundenheit und hohe Kooperationsintensität
Die deutsche Photovoltaik-Industrie (PV-Industrie) ist ein vergleichsweise junger Industriezweig, der durch ein hohes Maß an Unsicherheit geprägt ist. Welche der verschiedenen Technologien sich durchsetzen wird, lässt sich heute ebenso wenig abschätzen wie die zukünftige Marktentwicklung. In solchen Situationen hoher technologischer Unsicherheit legt die Theorie nahe, dass es für Unternehmen von Vorteil ist, in Netzwerken miteinander zu kooperieren. Sie erlauben es, über die reinen Geschäftsbeziehungen hinaus intensiver zusammenzuarbeiten, Ideen auszutauschen und Vertrauen aufzubauen. Eine Studie des Instituts für Wirtschaftsforschung Halle (IWH) hat nun erstmals die deutsche PV-Industrie mit der Methodik der Netzwerkanalyse untersucht.
Christoph Hornych
Innovation and Skills from a Sectoral Perspective: A Linked Employer-Employee Analysis
Lutz Schneider, Jutta Günther, Bianca Brandenburg
Economics of Innovation and New Technology,
2010
Abstract
Science and engineering skills as well as management and leadership skills are often referred to as sources of innovative activities within companies. Broken down into sectoral innovation patterns, this article examines the role of formal education, actual occupation and work experience in the innovation performance in manufacturing firms within a probit model. It uses unique micro data for Germany (LIAB) that contain information about corporate innovation activities and the qualification of employees in terms of formal education, actual professional status and work experience. We find clear differences in the human capital endowment between sectors according to the Pavitt classification. Sectors with a high share of highly skilled employees engage in above average product innovation (specialized suppliers and science-based industries). However, according to our estimation results, across as well as within these sectors a large share of highly skilled employees does not substantially increase the probability of a firm being innovative.
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Technology Clubs, R&D and Growth Patterns: Evidence from EU Manufacturing
Claire Economidou, J. W. B. Bos, Michael Koetter
European Economic Review,
No. 1,
2010
Abstract
This paper investigates the forces driving output change in a panel of EU manufacturing industries. A flexible modeling strategy is adopted that accounts for: (i) inefficient use of resources and (ii) differences in the production technology across industries. With our model we are able to identify technical, efficiency, and input growth for endogenously determined technology clubs. Technology club membership is modeled as a function of R&D intensity. This framework allows us to explore the components of output growth in each club, technology spillovers and catch-up issues across industries and countries.
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Deriving the Term Structure of Banking Crisis Risk with a Compound Option Approach: The Case of Kazakhstan
Stefan Eichler, Alexander Karmann, Dominik Maltritz
Discussion paper, Series 2: Banking and financial studies, No. 01/2010,
No. 1,
2010
Abstract
We use a compound option-based structural credit risk model to infer a term structure of banking crisis risk from market data on bank stocks in daily frequency. Considering debt service payments with different maturities this term structure assigns a separate estimator for short- and long-term default risk to each maturity. Applying the Duan (1994) maximum likelihood approach, we find for Kazakhstan that the overall crisis probability was mainly driven by short-term risk, which increased from 25% in March 2007 to 80% in December 2008. Concurrently, the long-term default risk increased from 20% to only 25% during the same period.
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Bank Credit Standards, Demand, Pro-cyclicality and the Business Cycle: A Comment
Á. Maddaloni, J. L. Peydró Alcalde, J. Suárez, Reint E. Gropp
Moneda y crédito,
No. 230,
2010
Abstract
We analyze the determinants fo standards and demand for loans to firms and house-holds over the last business cycle using the comprehensive and confidential Bank Lending Survery from the Euro area. There is significant variation of standards and demand over the cycle. Standards for business loans vary more during the business cycle than the lending standards for households, whereas credit demand from households varies more than demand from firms. Lending standards vary mainly due to charges in perception of borrower risk, bank balance sheet positions and competitive pressures. In particular, we find that higher GDP growth softens lending standards for all loans, i. e. lending standards are pro-cyclical. However, we also find pro-cyclicality in credit demand.
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