Low-paid employment relationships: high numbers, low volume
Hans-Ulrich Brautzsch
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 6,
2001
Abstract
The labour market situation can be judged using figures of persons engaged and/or of the total number of man-hours worked. Concerning marginal part-time jobs the number of person engaged ist less informative: Although in 2000 more than ten per cent of persons had a marginal part-time job, the total number of man-hours worked representing the marginal part-time jobs amounts to 2,6 % of the volume of work in the economy on the whole. Nevertheless in some branches of economic activity marginal part-time jobs are of great importance.
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East-West-migration of young people as indicator of a general increase in mobility
Wolfram Kempe, Hilmar Schneider, Gabriele Hardt
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 4,
2001
Abstract
Die in den letzten Jahren wieder leicht gestiegene Nettoabwanderung insbesondere junger Menschen von Ost- nach Westdeutschland ist vor allem ein Ausdruck einer gestiegenen Mobilität in Ostdeutschland, wobei im Zeitverlauf die relative Bedeutung der Ost-West-Migration zurück gegangen ist. Eine disaggregierte Analyse auf Kreisebene am Beispiel des Landes Sachsen-Anhalt über die 90er Jahre zeigt, dass die Nettoabwanderung mit den alten Bundesländern in Kernstädten, Umlandkreisen und der kernstadtfernen Peripherie ähnlichen Mustern folgt. Die dominierenden Wanderungsbewegungen sind jedoch regionale Wanderungen, insbesondere die Suburbanisierung.
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Human capital in transformation – The example of the new Länder
Ralf Müller
IWH Discussion Papers,
No. 126,
2000
Abstract
The human capital of a nation is highly correlated to its productivity. Thus, differences in human capital may be seen as one factor determining the productivity gap between East and West Germany. However, a disadvantage of East Germany with regard to hu-man capital only shows up as long as it concerns skills that are built up on the job, i.e., by learning by doing; even more, this disadvantage has been decreasing in the 1990's. In contrast, as long as it concerns skills that have been acquired through formal education, East Germany has a high level of human capital in comparison to West Germany. In general, the problem of East Germany’s human capital proves to be rather demand-sided. It may be due to East Germany’s low skill-intensive industry structure.
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Capital equipment of East German work stations: Do not overstate gaps
Joachim Ragnitz
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 9,
2000
Abstract
New jobs depend heavily on productive investment. As nearly 800 bio DM were invested in the East German enterprise sector since 1990, most existing jobs can be regarded potentially competitive now. However, capital intensity is still much lower than in West Germany and reaches a level of only 75 per cent. In manufacturing, however, capital intensity is only slightly lower than in the old Laender.
There are mainly two reasons for the low capital intensity in the aggregate: The dominance of small firms producing regularly with a small capital stock per employee, and lower wages in East Germany compared with West Germany: Although capital prices are distorted by high subsidies, factor price relations favour labor to capital. This leads to the conclusion that low capital intensity reflects an optimum; convergence is therefore not necessarily to occur.
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Despite adjustments still specific East German consumption structure
Ruth Grunert
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 7,
2000
Abstract
From 1991 to 1998 the structure of expenditure of East German households has changed. The largest increase was in spending on housing, health care, entertainment and personal equipment. Espenditure patterns of households in East and West Germany converged. However, differences still excists. For example the expenditure share of spending on housing in East Germany is clearly lower than in West Germany.
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East German economy between high in industry and low in construction also in 2000
Hans-Ulrich Brautzsch, Brigitte Loose, Udo Ludwig
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 4,
2000
Abstract
The article presents the forcast of the economic development in East Germany up to the year 2001. Because of the strong orientation to national markets it is expected that the East German economy will benefit from the domestically based development in the West. In detail the article analyzes the economic growth in the sectors “manufacturing“ and “construction“.
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Regional analysis of East Germany: A comparison of the economic situation of states, districts, and municipalities
Franz Barjak, Peter Franz, Gerhard Heimpold, Martin T. W. Rosenfeld
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 2,
2000
Abstract
A decade after the German unification we look at the extent of economic differentiation within East Germany. This is achieved by help of a set of selected statistical indicators for the years 1991 to 1998. Comparisons are drawn a) between the East German jurisdictions and b) between West and East German jurisdictions. On the federal state (Laender) level it can be shown that each state has developped its own specific economic profile. Brandenburg is characterized by a positive net migration (suburban function for Berlin), relatively low unemployment and high GDP values, but relatively low entrepreneurial activities. Saxony has achieved the lowest unemployment, a good endowment with human capital, modern industrial technology, infrastructure, and entrepreneurial activities. Special features of Thuringia consist of a relatively large number of patent applications and a stable industrial base. The economic state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern is characterized by low industrial investment, negative net migration, and high unemployment. A special feature of this federal state is the intense investmenr in tourist services. Saxony-Anhalt registers the highest decrease in the numbers of industrial workers between 1991 and 1998 and the highest unemployment. On the other side it shows the highest amount of investment, especially in chemical industry and in mineral oil processing.
On the county level four clusters can be identified by means of a cluster analysis: A “cluster of counties with severe economic weaknesses” with a bias in the regions indutrialized in an early stage, a “cluster with a high human capital potential and suburbanization loss” consisting of 21 cities, a “cluster of counties with good economic results” predominantly surrounding the larger cities, and a “cluster of counties with SME growth potential” concentrating in Thuringia and Saxony.
The results at the city level show that the larger cities above 100.000 inhabitants, especially Dresden and Leipzig, do better than the smaller cities. Jena in Thuringia has specialized as a location for R&D, Zwickau in Saxony as a location for the automobile industry. Altogether the economic differences between the East German federal states, counties, and cities still are less pronounced than the degree of differentiation of their West German counterparts.
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Education structure of East-West migration: East Germany's human capital outflow stopped
Wolfram Kempe
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 15,
1999
Abstract
War die Binnenmigration zwischen Ost- und Westdeutschland von 1989 bis 1991 durch eine überproportionale Abwanderung mittlerer und hoher Bildungsabschlüsse aus Ostdeutschland gekennzeichnet, so hat sich das Bild danach deutlich gewandelt. Seither wandern zwar noch immer überwiegend junge und gut ausgebildete Personen von Ost- nach Westdeutschland, jedoch ist dies auch bei der inzwischen bedeutenden Zahl der Umzüge in der Gegenrichtung der Fall. Der Saldo der Wanderungen von Personen mit einem (Fach-)Hochschulabschluß ist für Ost-deutschland seit 1992 sogar positiv.
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The renovation of the service sector in the New Länder
Gerald Müller
Forschungsreihe,
No. 7,
1999
Abstract
Diese umfangreiche Studie zeichnet ein Bild von den besonderen Nachfrage- und Angebotseffekten, durch die der Erneuerungsprozess des ostdeutschen Dienstleistungssektors maßgeblich bestimmt wurde. Dazu zählen auf der Nachfrageseite die vergleichsweise niedrigen Einkommen in den neuen Bundesländern sowie die Ost-West-Transfers und auf der Angebotsseite die beruflichen Qualifikationen der Erwerbspersonen.
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Decline of the working age population in Germany at stagnating total numbers – A population projection until 2010
Wolfram Kempe
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 5,
1999
Abstract
In der kurzfristigen Bevölkerungsprojektion bis zum Jahr 2010 werden zuerst die Annahmen zu Geburten, Lebenserwartung und etwas ausführlicher zu den Migrationsströmen in Ost- und Westdeutschland erläutert. Trotz konstanter Bevölkerung in den nächsten Jahren sinkt die Bevölkerung im erwerbsfähigen Alter ab. Speziell in Ostdeutschland wird etwa 2007 die Zahl der Lehrstellensuchenden drastisch zurück gehen.
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