Property networks of corporations as cause of abusive behaviour – A stock market analysis based on institutional economics
Makram El-Shagi
Applied Financial Economics Letters,
No. 5,
2005
Abstract
The present study deals with the fact that it seems as if executive boards have developed a self-service-mentality concerning the corporations they are meant to manage. The surprise about this is not the attempt of exploitation (rather the opposite would be surprising from an economic point of view) but the apparent absence of sanctions imposed by the owners. This study shows that this behaviour of corporations’ owners is at least to a main part due to the fact, that the reciprocal property of corporations prevents the exercise of certain property rights by the ‘true’ holders.
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The new social benefits scheme (Arbeitslosengeld II) and the Municipal Option Act
Herbert Buscher
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 9,
2004
Abstract
One of the most important reform measures of the German labor market relates to the harmonization of social welfare and unemployment assistence to the new ‘”Arbeitslosengeld-II”. In the context of these reform measures it is expected that local employment offices and local authorities should constitute working parties to facilitate the unemployed in finding new jobs. In the case that a local authority prefers to manage this job in its own responsibility she has the right to opt. The paper discusses possible advantages and disadvantages of this option.
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Currency crises and the IMF – from crises management to prevention?
Tobias Knedlik
Berichte aus dem Weltwirtschaftlichen Colloquium der Universität Bremen, Nr. 87,
No. 87,
2004
Abstract
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Profitability of chemical industry varies across East Germany
Hans-Ulrich Brautzsch, Udo Ludwig
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 5,
2004
Abstract
The Article is concerned with the cost and revenue situation in the East German chemical industry since the early 90s. In 2001 the industry managed to undercut the unit labour costs faced by their West German counterparts. Nonetheless, on average, they have not yet reached profitability. A clearly more favourable picture can be observed in the case of the rubber and synthetic material industry. Still, their yield dispersion between small, middle and large sized firms is large and should be taken into account during the forthcoming labour negotiations and while reaching any kind of decision concerning their costs.
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Exporting Financial Institutions Management via Foreign Direct Investment Mergers and Acquisitions
Allen N. Berger, Claudia M. Buch, G. DeLong
Journal of International Money and Finance,
No. 3,
2004
Abstract
We test the relevance of the new trade theory and the traditional theory of comparative advantage for explaining the geographic patterns of international M&As of financial institutions between 1985 and 2000. The data provide statistically significant support for both theories. We also find evidence that the U.S. has idiosyncratic comparative advantages at both exporting and importing financial institutions management.
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Technology spillovers through foreign direct investment. An empirical investigation on the example of Hungarian industry
Jutta Günther
Schriften des IWH,
No. 14,
2003
Abstract
With the beginning of transition in Central East European countries, foreign direct investment increased strongly whereby foreign subsidiaries transfer modern production technology and management know-how. However, it has remained an open question, how far domestic enterprises also benefit from these developments via technology spillovers. The study points out theoretically possible channels of technology spillovers and empirically investigates the significance, scope and influencing factors of the various spillovers channels on the example of Hungarian industry. The findings show that there are hardly any spillover effects in Hungarian industry so far. Major reasons for that are the strong technological disparities between foreign subsidiaries and domestic firms as well as the lack of labor mobility from foreign to domestic enterprises.
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Firm-Specific Determinants of Productivity Gaps between East and West German Industrial Branches
Johannes Stephan, Karin Szalai
IWH Discussion Papers,
No. 183,
2003
Abstract
Industrial productivity levels of formerly socialist economies in Central East Europe (including East Germany) are considerably lower than in the more mature Western economies. This research aims at assessing the reasons for lower productivities at the firm level: what are the firm-specific determinants of productivity gaps. To assess this, we have conducted an extensive field study and focussed on a selection of two important manufacturing industries, namely machinery manufacturers and furniture manufacturers, and on the construction industry. Using the data generated in field work, we test a set of determinant-candidates which were derived from theory and prior research in that topic. Our analysis uses the simplest version of the matched-pair approach, in which first hypothesis about relevant productivity level-determinants are tested. In a second step, positively tested hypothesis are further assessed in terms of whether they also constitute firm-specific determinants of the apparent gaps between the firms in our Eastern and such in our Western panels. Our results suggest that the quality of human capital plays an important role in all three industrial branches assessed. Amongst manufacturing firms, networking activities and the use of modern technologies for communication are important reasons for the lower levels of labour productivity in the East. The intensity of long-term strategic planning on behalf of the management turned out to be relevant only for machinery manufacturers. Product and process innovations unexpectedly exhibit an ambiguous picture, as did the extent of specialisation on a small number of products in the firms’ portfolio and the intensity of competition.
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Poland´s entry into the Euro zone: convergence over speed
Thomas Linne
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 13,
2003
Abstract
Das polnische Wechselkurssystem eines „managed float“ entspricht nicht den Anforderungen des Wechselkursmechanismus II (WKM II) des Europäischen Währungssystems, der eine Anbindung der Währung an den Euro verlangt. Damit sieht sich die polnische Regierung dem Problem gegenüber, eine Übergangsstrategie für das Wechselkurssystem zu entwickeln. Erklärtes Ziel der Regierung ist ein schnellstmöglicher Beitritt zur Eurozone. Haupthindernis auf diesem Weg ist das Defizit der staatlichen Haushalte. In den nächsten Jahren wird die Defizitquote beständig höher ausfallen als der von der EU vorgesehene Referenzwert. Eine rigorose Konsolidierungspolitik der staatlichen Haushalte liefe jedoch Gefahr, die Wachstumsaussichten der Wirtschaft zu beschränken. Zudem wäre die Nachhaltigkeit dieser Politik fragwürdig. Vor diesem Hintergrund erscheint eine Beitrittsstrategie angemessen, die die reale Konvergenz der Volkswirtschaft mit den Ländern der Eurozone in den Vordergrund stellt und nicht so sehr die Haushaltskonsolidierung. Der Beitritt zum WKM II sollte erst dann erfolgen, wenn absehbar ist, dass zwei Jahre später die Maastricht- Kriterien erfüllt werden können.
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Recent Developments and Risks in the Euro Area Banking Sector
Reint E. Gropp, Jukka M. Vesala
ECB Monthly Bulletin,
2002
Abstract
This article provides an overview of euro area banks’ exposure to risk and examines the effects of the cyclical downturn in 2001. It describes the extent to which euro area banks’ risk profile has changed as a result of recent structural developments, such as an increase in investment banking, mergers, securitisation and more sophisticated risk management techniques. The article stresses that the environment in which banks operated in 2001 was fairly complex due to the relatively weak economic performance of all major economies as well as the events of 11 September in the United States. It evaluates the effects of these adverse circumstances on banks’ stability and overall performance. The article provides bank balance sheet information as well as financial market prices, arguing that the latter may be useful when assessing the soundness of the banking sector in a forward-looking manner. It concludes with a review of the overall stability of euro area banks, pointing to robustness in the face of the adverse developments in 2001 and the somewhat improved forward-looking indicators of banks’ financial strength in early 2002.
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FDI as Multiplier of Modern Technology in Hungarian Industry
Jutta Günther
Intereconomics,
No. 5,
2002
Abstract
Foreign direct investment is generally expected to play a significant role as a multiplier of modern production and management know-how in Central Eastern European transition economies. The following paper examines the various mechanisms by which such technological spillover effects could in theory take place and compares them with the results of an empirical study of their practical significance for Hungarian industry.
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