Fiscal equalization among German states; high degree of dependency in the New Länder
Thomas Notheis
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 1,
1996
Abstract
Die schwache Finanzausstattung der neuen Länder wurde bis 1995 durch Zuwendungen von Bund und Ländern ergänzt. Mit dem neugeregelten Länderfinanzausgleich wurde auch das Ausgleichsvolumen erheblich aufgestockt. Der Anteil der Finanzausgleichszahlungen betrug mehr als ein Drittel der gesamten Einnahmen.
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Alternative Fiscal Policies during Transition
Kazimierz Laski, Hubert Gabrisch
Externe Publikationen,
1994
Abstract
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Place-based Industrial Policies and Credit Markets: Evidence from the Former East and West Germany
Aleksandr Kazakov, Michael Koetter
EBRD Transition Report,
2024
Abstract
The Transition Report 2024-25 focuses on industrial policies in the EBRD regions and beyond. Such policies have seen a resurgence, seeking to address market failures such as environmental degradation. However, their track record is mixed. Their growing popularity is shaped primarily by domestic political economy considerations and rising geopolitical tensions. While industrial policies are typically employed by higher-income economies, they are also now used more frequently in economies with less administrative and fiscal capacity to implement them.
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