Seit Beginn der 1990er Jahre haben mehrere der Beitrittskandidatenländer für eine Mitgliedschaft in der Europäischen Union (EU) sowie Russland und die Ukraine Finanzkrisen durchlaufen. Das jüngst betroffene Land ist die Türkei, wo im November 2000 eine schwerwiegende Finanzkrise ausbrach und deren Folgen immer noch nicht gänzlich absehbar sind. Die Finanzkrisen umfassten dabei sowohl Währungskrisen als auch Bankenkrisen. Eine wichtige Rolle für den Ausbruch von Währungskrisen spielte die oftmalige Fixierung des Wechselkurses mit dem Ziel, das Preisniveau zu stabilisieren. Bei allerdings anhaltend hohen Inflationsraten mündete diese Politik in einer realen Aufwertung der inländischen Währungen und in einem Anstieg der Leistungsbilanzdefizite.

This paper examines the presence of sectoral convergence of labor productivity between 14 OECD countries. Using the OECD International Sectoral Data Base (ISDB), the paper looks at the developments within 12 distinct sectors during the period 1970-1995. The change of the coefficients of variance suggests that there is strong sectoral convergence within most service sectors while the evidence of convergence for Manufacturing as well as for Communication is rather weak. These findings are in line with most studies undertaken on this subject so far. It is concluded that economic theories at hand to explain growth and convergence (or divergence respectively) are of different importance for the sectors concerned. While models of the New Growth Theory seemed to be useful to explain growth mechanisms within Manufacturing and Communication, traditional models seemed to apply to most other sectors.

This article uses detailed industry and household data to understand why Morocco's labor market performed poorly in 1985–95. The data indicate that marked structural changes and weak demand in the product market were responsible. This article makes two contributions to the literature. The first is specific: it underscores that the demand for labor is a derived demand and that the performance of the product market is an important determinant of the performance of the labor market. The second is more general: it demonstrates that this kind of microeconomic analysis, using data sets that are often available in developing countries, can inform policy design.

In recent decades many countries have dismantled trade barriers and opened their economies to international competition. Trade liberalization is seen to promote economic efficiency, international competitiveness, and an expansion of trade, perhaps especially in imperfectly competitive markets. Yet despite this progress in trade liberalization, as evidenced by the conclusion of the Uruguay Round in 1994 and the establishment of the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 1995, trade barriers are still widespread. Some economies and some sectors (e.g., agriculture in many industrial countries) remain relatively insulated from the global economy by a variety of nontariff and tariff barriers, even as import substitution continues to lose ground as a strategy for economic development.