The relation between inflation and RPV plays a prominent role in explaining the costs of inflation. This study investigates whether the CPI subcategories drift apart more over a period of high inflation rates than during one of low inflation. The wider dispersion of the subcategories is reflected in an increasing number of common stochastic trends in the system of sub price indices. The results for US data as well as for cross-country comparisons indicate that the influence of inflation on the dispersion of relative prices cannot be revealed by counting cointegrating relations. Thus, the number of stochastic trends or cointegrating relations is not a reliable indicator for the distorting effect of inflation on the dispersion of relative prices.

Most bank efficiency studies that use stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) employ each bank’s own implicit input price when estimating efficient frontiers. But at the same time, most studies are based on cost and/or profit models that assume perfect input markets. Traditional input price proxies therefore contain at least substantial measurement error. We suggest here two alternative input market definitions to approximate exogenous input prices. We have access to Bundesbank data, which allows us to cover virtually all German universal banks between 1993 and 2003. The use of alternative input price proxies leads to mean cost efficiency that is significantly five percentage points lower compared to traditional input prices. Mean profit efficiency is hardly affected. Across models, small cooperative banks located in large western states perform best while large banks and those located in eastern states rank lowest.

Wir messen die Effizienz der regionalen Innovationssysteme (RIS) in Deutschland anhand einer Wissensproduktionsfunktion. Diese Funktion stellt einen Zusammenhang zwischen der Anzahl der von den Einwohnern einer Region angemeldeten Patente und der Anzahl der FuE-Beschäftigten im Privatsektor in der Region. Zwei alternative Methoden zur empirischen Berechnung der Wissensproduktionsfunktion werden vorgestellt. In einem ersten Ansatz nehmen wir an, dass sich Unterschiede der Produktivität der FuE-Beschäftigten in der Steigung der Wissensproduktionsfunktion und somit in der Grenzproduktivität der FuE-Aktivitäten niederschlagen. Ein zweiter Ansatz bestimmte die Durchschnittsproduktivität der FuE-Beschäftigten mittels einer stochastischen Frontier-Wissensproduktionsfunktion. Wir vergleichen die Resultate beider Ansätze und diskutieren kritische Fragen hinsichtlich der Verteilungscharakteristika der technischen Effizienz von Regionen, der adäquaten Größe regionaler Innovationssysteme sowie der Präsenz und der Effekte räumlicher Interdependenzen zwischen den Regionen (räumlicher Autokorrelation).

Quality of service is of major economic significance in natural monopoly infrastructure industries and is increasingly addressed in regulatory schemes. However, this important aspect is generally not reflected in efficiency analysis of these industries. In this paper we present an efficiency analysis of electricity distribution networks using a sample of about 500 electricity distribution utilities from seven European countries. We apply the stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) method on multi-output translog input distance function models to estimate cost and scale efficiency with and without incorporating quality of service. We show that introducing the quality dimension into the analysis affects estimated efficiency significantly. In contrast to previous research, smaller utilities seem to indicate lower technical efficiency when incorporating quality. We also show that incorporating quality of service does not alter scale economy measures. Our results emphasise that quality of service should be an integrated part of efficiency analysis and incentive regulation regimes, as well as in the economic review of market concentration in regulated natural monopolies.