OECD countries with high corporate tax rates have experienced both high net outflows of foreign direct investment and a decline in corporate tax revenue. Identification of a causal link between these two trends has implications for the debate on tax harmonization versus tax competition.

Der Beitrag analysiert die Fortschritte des ökologischen Aufbauprozesses in den neuen Ländern. Schwerpunkte sind hierbei die ökologische Modernisierung der Wirtschaft, der Ausbau der Entsorgungsinfrastruktur und die Beseitigung altlastbedingter Investiti-onshemmnisse. Darauf aufbauend wird noch zu bewältigender Handlungsbedarf im Umweltschutz der neuen Länder aufgezeigt.

This paper studies the influence of environmental policies on environmental quality, domestic firms, and welfare. Point of departure is Porter’s hypothesis that unilateral environmental regulation may enhance the competitiveness of domestic firms. This hypothesis has recently received considerable support in theoretical analyses, especially if imperfectly competitive markets with strategic behavior on behalf of the agents are taken into account. Our work contributes to this literature by explicitely investigating the implications of asymmetric cost structures between a domestic and a foreign firm sector. We use a partial-equilibrium model of vertical product differentiation, where the consumption of a product causes environmental harm. Allowing for differentiated products, the domestic industry can either assume the market leader position or lag behind in terms of the environmental quality of the produced product. Assuming as a benchmark case that the domestic industry lags behind, we investigate the possibility of the government to induce leapfrogging of the domestic firm, i.e. a higher quality produced by the domestic firm after regulation than that of the competitor prior to regulation. It is shown that in the case of a cost advantage for the domestic firm in the production process the imposition of a binding minimum quality standard can serve as a tool to induce leapfrogging. In case of a cost disadvantage the same result can be achieved through an adequate subsidization of quality dependend production costs. Thus, careful regulation enables the domestic firm in both scenarios to better its competitive position against foreign competitors and to earn larger profits. Additionally, environmental quality and welfare can be enhanced.

This paper characterizes price competition between an expert and a non-expert. In contrast with the expert, the non-expert's repair technology is not always successful. Consumers visit the expert after experiencing an unsuccessful match at the non-expert. This re-entry affects the behavior of both sellers. For low enough probability of successful repair at the non-expert, all consumers first visit the non-expert, and a 'timid-pricing' equilibrium results. If the non-expert's repair technology performs well enough, it pays for some consumers to disregard the non-expert a visit. They directly go to the expert's shop, and an 'aggressive-pricing' equilibrium pops up. For intermediate values of the non-expert's successful repair a 'mixed-pricing' equilibrium emerges where the expert randomizes over the monopoly price and some lower price.

This paper examines empirically the role of market structure for the influence of spill-over effects on R&D-cooperations. The results of a microeconometric analysis, based on firm data on innovation, let in general presume that with intensified competition also the influence of spillovers on R&D-cooperation increases. However, competition seems to induce firms to search for effective firm-specific appropriation facilities first. Spillovers that are sufficiently high such that the internalisation effect from R&D-cooperation more than outweighs the competitive effect from research, only arise whenever firms are not able to protect their research results through any appropriation facility. Additionally, there is some evidence that spillover effects may even hinder firms from cooperating in R&D when there is intensive competition on the research stage.

Kreisbezogene Indikatoren der Anbindungsgüte an überregionale Verkehrsnetze und der Verbindungsgüte zu wichtigen Wirtschaftsregionen - gemessen in mittleren Fahrzeiten - zeigen, dass die ostdeutsche Infrastrukturausstattung trotz hoher Investitionen in die Verkehrswege noch immer deutlich unter dem westdeutschen Niveau liegt. Nach Schät-zungen mit Regressionsmodellen können Fahrzeitverkürzungen bedeutsame Impulse für private Investitionen in den neuen Ländern auslösen.

Seit den 80er Jahren hat sich eine intensive Debatte um die Frage entwickelt, inwieweit sich unilaterale umweltpolitische Maßnahmen nachteilig auf heimische Unternehmen auswirken. Als Argument gegen solche Politiken wird häufig ins Feld geführt, daß sich die Produktionskosten erhöhen und damit die internationale Wettbewerbsposition der inländischen Unternehmen verschlechtert. 

Mit der Überwindung der Asien- und Russlandkrise haben sich die Wachstumsaussichten der mittel- und osteuropäischen Länder verbessert. Die größten Erfolge konnten diejenigen Länder erzielen, die am konsequentesten Reformen durchgeführt haben. Gleichwohl bestehen für alle Länder wirtschaftspolitische Herausforderungen bei der Reduzierung außenwirtschaftlicher Ungleichgewichte.