The paper elaborates on the appropriateness of a potentially enlarged Common Monetary Area in Southern Africa including Botswana and Mozambique. The theory of optimum currency areas including some extensions by accounting for costs of non-integration and considering the external relations of currency areas are presented. Various indicators such as the structure of the economies, interest rates, inflation rates, exchange rates, factor mobility and trading partners are observed empirically. The paper concludes that current changes in the exchange rate policy of Botswana are expected to lead to increasing, though already high, convergence with CMA countries. Botswana is therefore an appropriate candidate for CMA enlargement. Mozambique is converging towards South Africa but still remains on a lower level. Taking into account the costs of non-integration, however, the target of integration should be formulated for the medium term.

We analyse the ability of the distance to default and subordinated bond spreads to signal bank fragility in a sample of EU banks. We find leading properties for both indicators. The distance to default exhibits lead times of 6-18 months. Spreads have signal value close to problems only. We also find that implicit safety nets weaken the predictive power of spreads. Further, the results suggest complementarity between both indicators. We also examine the interaction of the indicators with other information and find that their additional information content may be small but not insignificant. The results suggest that market indicators reduce type II errors relative to predictions based on accounting information only.

Der Beitrag analysiert den Conference-Board- und den OECD-Leading-Indicator bezüglich ihrer Vorhersageeigenschaften hinsichtlich der gesamtwirtschaftlichen Aktivität. Zu diesem Zweck werden die beiden Indikatoren einzeln eingeführt und verschiedene “in-sample“- und “out-of-sample“-Tests durchgeführt. Der Hauptfokus liegt dabei auf Kohärenztests und auf dem Diebold/Mariano-Test. Im Unterschied zu vielen anderen Studien wird als Referenzreihe nicht die Industrieproduktion, sondern der vom Conference Board veröffentlichte coincident index gewählt. Beide Indikatoren scheinen eine gewisse Korrelation zur gesamtwirtschaftlichen Entwicklung aufzuweisen, zugleich gelingt es ihnen jedoch nicht, bessere Vorhersagen als ein einfaches Zeitreihenmodell zu machen.