05.04.2023 • 8/2023
Stubborn Core Inflation – Time for Supply Side Policies
The leading economic research institutes have raised their forecast for growth in German economic output in the current year to 0.3%. In the fall, they were still expecting a decline of 0.4%. “The economic setback in the winter half-year 2022/2023 is likely to have been less severe than feared in the fall. The main reason for this is a smaller loss of purchasing power as a result of a significant drop in energy prices,” says Timo Wollmershäuser, Head of Forecasts at ifo. Nevertheless, the rate of inflation will fall only slowly from 6.9% last year to 6.0% this year.
Oliver Holtemöller
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Im Osten was Neues?
Strukturwandel in der Lausitz – eine Zwischenbilanz
Gunther Markwardt, Julia Rettig, Jan Schnellenbach, Mirko Titze
Begleitforschung Strukturwandel (BeForSt), Statusbericht II. BTU Cottbus/IWH,
2023
Abstract
In diesem Beitrag versuchen wir eine erste Zwischenbilanz des Strukturwandels in der Lausitz aufzustellen. Dabei geht es zunächst um eine Bestandsaufnahme. Die beiden Zielgrößen, die Politik und Öffentlichkeit vermutlich am meisten interessieren, sind die Zahl der Arbeitsplätze, die durch die bisher bewilligten Strukturwandelprojekte neu geschaffen werden, sowie deren räumliche Verteilung in der Region. Beides werden wir in einem kurzen Überblick darstellen. In einem zweiten Schritt werden wir eine Gesamtschau auf den Strukturwandel in der Region präsentieren, welche die Einbettung des Lausitzer Strukturwandels in breitere Entwicklungen berücksichtigt. Darauf aufbauend diskutieren wir für die einzelnen Produktionsfaktoren welche strategischen Empfehlungen auf der Basis der wissenschaftlichen Diskussion und des aktuellen Entwicklungsstandes in der Lausitz gegeben werden können.
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Evidence-based Support for Adaptation Policies in Emerging Economies
Maximilian Banning, Anett Großmann, Katja Heinisch, Frank Hohmann, Christian Lutz, Christoph Schult
Low Carbon Economy,
Vol. 14 (1),
2023
Abstract
Climate change is increasingly evident, and the design of effective climate adaptation policies is important for regional and sectoral economic growth. We propose different modelling approaches to quantify the socio-economic impacts of climate change on three vulnerable countries (Kazakhstan, Georgia, and Vietnam) and design specific adaptations. We use a Dynamic General Equilibrium (DGE) model for Vietnam and an economy-energy-emission (E3) model for the other two countries. Our simulations until 2050 show that selected adaptation measures, in particular in the agricultural sector, have positive implications for GDP. However, some adaptation measures can even increase greenhouse gas emissions. Focusing on GDP alone can lead to welfare-reducing policy decisions.
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Im Osten was Neues?
Strukturwandel in der Lausitz – eine Zwischenbilanz
Gunther Markwardt, Julia Rettig, Jan Schnellenbach, Mirko Titze, Stefan Zundel
Begleitforschung Strukturwandel (BeForSt), Policy Brief II. BTU Cottbus/IWH,
2023
Abstract
Am 14. August 2020 trat das Strukturstärkungsgesetz Kohleregionen in Kraft. Mit dem Gesetz wurde anlassbezogen ein neuer Baustein in der Regionalpolitik geschaffen. In diesem Beitrag ziehen wir, gut zweieinhalb Jahre nach dem Startschuss, eine Zwischenbilanz des Strukturwandels in der Lausitz. Dabei geht es zunächst um eine kurze Bestandsaufnahme der Zielgrößen, die im Fokus der öffentlichen Wahrnehmung stehen: die Zahl der Arbeitsplätze, die durch die bisher bewilligten Strukturwandelprojekte neu geschaffen werden, sowie die Verwendung und die räumliche Verteilung der Strukturstärkungsmittel in der Region.
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Carbon Transition Risk and Corporate Loan Securitization
Isabella Müller, Huyen Nguyen, Trang Nguyen
Abstract
We examine how banks manage carbon transition risk by selling loans given to polluting borrowers to less regulated shadow banks in securitization markets. Exploiting the election of Donald Trump as an exogenous shock that reduces carbon risk, we find that banks’ securitization decisions are sensitive to borrowers’ carbon footprints. Banks are more likely to securitize brown loans when carbon risk is high but swiftly change to keep these loans on their balance sheets when carbon risk is reduced after Trump’s election. Importantly, securitization enables banks to offer lower interest rates to polluting borrowers but does not affect the supply of green loans. Our findings are more pronounced among domestic banks and banks that do not display green lending preferences. We discuss how securitization can weaken the effectiveness of bank climate policies through reducing banks’ incentives to price carbon risk.
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Climate Change-Related Regulatory Risks and Bank Lending
Isabella Müller, Eleonora Sfrappini
ECB Working Paper,
No. 2670,
2022
Abstract
We identify the effect of climate change-related regulatory risks on credit real-location. Our evidence suggests that effects depend borrower's region. Following an increase in salience of regulatory risks, banks reallocate credit to US firms that could be negatively impacted by regulatory interventions. Conversely, in Europe, banks lend more to firms that could benefit from environmental regulation. The effect is moderated by banks' own loan portfolio composition. Banks with a portfolio tilted towards firms that could be negatively a affected by environmental policies increasingly support these firms. Overall, our results indicate that financial implications of regulation associated with climate change appear to be the main drivers of banks' behavior.
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13.04.2022 • 8/2022
From Pandemic to Energy Crisis: Economy and Politics under Permanent Stress
The German economy is steering through difficult waters and faces the highest inflation rates in decades. In their spring report, the leading German economic research institutes revise their outlook for this year significantly downward. The recovery from the COVID-19 crisis is slowing down as a result of the war in Ukraine, but remains on track. The institutes expect GDP to increase by 2.7% and 3.1% in 2022 and 2023 respectively. In the event of an immediate interruption to Russian gas supplies, a total of 220 billion euros in German economic output would be at risk in both years.
Oliver Holtemöller
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26.01.2022 • 2/2022
Investment, output gap, and public finances in the medium term: Implications of the Second Supplementary Budget 2021
With the Second Supplementary Budget 2021, the German government plans to allocate a reserve of 60 billion euros to the Energy and Climate Fund. This additional spending is also meant to reduce the macroeconomic follow-up costs of the pandemic. According to the IWH’s medium-term projection, the expenditure is expected to increase output by about 0.5% at the peak of its impact in 2024. “While this macroeconomic effect is welcome, the additional investment will by no means compensate for the lack of investment activity since the beginning of the pandemic,” says Oliver Holtemöller, head of the Department Macroeconomics and vice president at Halle Institute for Economic Research (IWH). Moreover, the supplementary budget is likely to reduce confidence in the reliability of the debt brake.
Oliver Holtemöller
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Monitoring, Evaluierung und wissenschaftliche Begleitung des Strukturwandels in der Lausitz
Mirko Titze, Stefan Zundel
Begleitforschung Strukturwandel (BeForSt), Policy Brief I. BTU Cottbus/IWH,
2021
Abstract
Gegenstand des Begleitforschungsvorhabens ist das Monitoring, die Evaluierung und die wissenschaftliche Begleitung des Strukturwandels in der (brandenburgischen) Lausitz, der sich durch den Ausstieg aus der Braunkohleförderung und -verstromung ergibt. Das Vorhaben verfolgt zwei Anliegen. Erstens widmet sich das Vorhaben den Wirkungen der Fördermaßnahmen des Strukturstärkungsgesetzes, mit denen der Bund und die Länder die ökonomischen und gesellschaftlichen Folgen, die sich für diese Regionen ergeben, bewältigen wollen. Es beschreibt zweitens die aktuelle wirtschaftliche Situation und ihre Entwicklung in den vom Kohleausstieg betroffenen Regionen, da diese nicht nur von strukturpolitischen Maßnahmen, sondern auch von endogenen Entwicklungen, wie etwa der Demografie oder globalen Trends, wie z. B. der Decarbonisierung weiterer Industrien und der Digitalisierung, abhängig ist. Beide Anliegen bedürfen eines umfangreichen Indikatorensystems, das in diesem Vorhaben grundlegend entwickelt werden soll. Hier geht es vor allem darum, bereits vorhandene Daten intelligent zu verknüpfen und nur dort, wo es nicht anders möglich ist, neue Daten effektiv und effizient zu erheben.Das Vorhaben hat vorerst eine Laufzeit von einem Jahr mit der Option der Verlängerung. Es wird durchgeführt von der Brandenburgischen Technischen Universität in Kooperation mit dem Leibniz Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung Halle (IWH).
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The Role of Energy Markets and Expectations in Dynamic General Equilibrium Models
Christoph Schult
PhD Thesis, Martin-Luther-Univeristät Halle-Wittenberg,
2021
Abstract
Climate change projections show that the average global temperature will very likely increase further. Policymakers need to implement suitable mitigation policy measures. This thesis uses dynamic general equilibrium models (DGEs) to analyse the potential economic effects of mitigation policy. Chapter 2 documents the forecasting performance of standardly estimated macroeconomic models and compare them to extended versions. It turns out that neither alternative expectation formation behaviour nor financial frictions can systematically increase the forecasting performance of macroeconomic models. Chapter 3 studies potential economic consequences of a coal phase-out in Germany, using a spatial dynamic general equilibrium model. A phase-out until 2035 is not worse in terms of welfare compared to a coal exit until 2040. Chapter 4 develops a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model with risky capital and oil as production factors. The contribution of financial market frictions and oil market disturbances to the US business cycle are low. An oil tax increase, to reduce crude oil consumption by 10% can cause a contraction of GDP by 1 to 2%.
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