Promoting green product consumption is one important element in building a sustainable society. Yet green products are usually more costly. In times of high inflation, not only budget constraints but also the fear that prices will continue to rise might dampen green product consumption and, hence, limit the effectiveness of exerted efforts to promote sustainable behaviors. To test this suggestion, we conducted a Germany-wide survey with almost 1,200 respondents, followed by a framed field experiment (N=500) to confirm causality. In the survey, respondents’ stated “green” purchasing behavior is, as to be expected, positively correlated with concerns about climate change. It is also negatively correlated with concerns about future inflation and energy costs, but after controlling for observable characteristics such as income and educational level only the correlation with concerns about future prices remains significant. This result is driven by individuals with below-median environmental attitude. In the framed field experiment, we use the priming method to manipulate the saliency of inflation concerns. Whereas sizably relaxing the budget constraint (i.e., by 50 percent) has no impact on the share of organic products in participants’ baskets, the priming significantly decreases the share of organic products for individuals with below-median environmental attitude, similar to the survey data.

Promoting green (usually more costly) product consumption is one essential element in building a sustainable society. In times of high inflation, not only budget constraints but also the fear that prices will continue to rise might limit the effectiveness of exerted efforts to promote sustainable behaviors. To test this suggestion, we conducted a Germany-wide survey with almost 1200 respondents, followed by a framed field experiment to confirm causality. Our proxy for green consumption is organic food purchases. Survey respondents’ stated organic purchasing behavior is positively correlated with concerns about climate change but negatively correlated with concerns about inflation. The latter result is driven by individuals with a below-median environmental attitude. In the framed field experiment, we use the priming method to manipulate the saliency of inflation concerns. Whereas sizably relaxing the budget constraint has no impact on the share of organic products in participants’ baskets, the priming significantly decreases the share of organic products for individuals with below-median environmental attitude. Using the same inflation priming in a subsequent survey experiment with around 1800 respondents, we find that high inflationary environments affect both the perception of organic being luxury products and the social norm of buying organic. Both effects are more pronounced for individuals with below-median environmental attitude and, hence, they are the likely mechanisms driving the negative effects on organic product consumption.

Das Wahlprogramm der AfD Sachsen-Anhalt verspricht umfangreiche neue Leistungen, den Verzicht auf neue Schulden und niedrigere Steuern zugleich. Diese Policy Note beziffert, wie weit Kosten und Gegenfinanzierung auseinanderliegen. Von 136 kostenwirksamen Maßnahmen lassen sich 28 mit amtlichen Quellen belegen. Diese kosten rund 1,6 Mrd. Euro pro Jahr. Da das AfD-Programm neue Schulden ausschließt, kommen die im Landeshaushalt bereits eingeplanten 877 Mio. Euro jährlicher Neuverschuldung hinzu. Der bezifferbare Finanzierungsbedarf beträgt damit rund 2,5 Mrd. Euro pro Jahr. Dem stehen bei großzügiger Auslegung rund 243 Mio. Euro belegbare Einsparungen gegenüber. Von jedem Euro sind damit nicht einmal zehn Cent gedeckt. Es bleibt eine Lücke von mindestens 2,2 Mrd. Euro pro Jahr. Das entspricht rund einem Viertel der Steuereinnahmen des Landes, umgerechnet gut 1 000 Euro je Einwohner und Jahr. Da das Programm auch Steuererhöhungen ausschließt, ist unklar, wie die AfD diese Lücke schließen will.

Die Energieproduktivität in Deutschland ist in den vergangenen Jahren gestiegen. Inwiefern lässt sich daraus auf eine Transformation des Energiesystems und der Produktion schließen? Der Beitrag zeigt, dass der Anstieg der Energieproduktivität nur begrenzt auf Effizienzfortschritte innerhalb von Sektoren zurückzuführen ist, sondern auch durch Strukturwandel und den Rückgang energieintensiver Produktion getrieben wird. Eine Projektion des Endenergieverbrauchs bis 2030 deutet darauf hin, dass die energiepolitischen Zielwerte bei schwachem Wirtschaftswachstum erreichbar sind. Bei höherem Wachstum würden sie jedoch verfehlt. Daraus ergibt sich ein Zielkonflikt zwischen Energieverbrauchsreduktion und wirtschaftlicher Dynamik; es braucht zusätzliche Effizienzgewinne oder technologische Innovationen um ihn aufzulösen.

Using the adoption of Zombie Property Laws (ZL) across several US states, we show that requiring lenders to maintain properties in the foreclosure process affects mortgage lending decisions and standards. Difference-in-differences estimations using a state border design show that ZL incentivizes lenders to screen mortgage applications more carefully: they deny more applications and impose higher interest rates on originated loans, especially risky loans. In turn, these loans exhibit higher ex post performance. ZL also affects lender behavior after borrowers become distressed, causing them to strategically keep delinquent mortgages alive. Our findings inform the debate on policy responses to foreclosure crises.

We investigate whether a change in political leadership affects health outcomes. To do so, we exploit turnover elections that move partisan individuals into and out of alignment with the party of the President. We document that the lack of political alignment has a negative, immediate, and long-lasting effect on health. We do not find any evidence that our results can be explained by other confounding trends or by changes in economic outcomes or other economic policies. Further results suggest that political sentiments and social isolation are important potential mechanisms in this setting and that lack of political representation affects the mental health of individuals.

Intergenerational justice is a core principle of sustainability, yet empirical metrics on the impact of business on future generations remain scarce. Moreover, evidence suggests that different ESG scores capture distinct dimensions of corporate responsibility, highlighting the need for more targeted assessments. This study examines the relationship between corporate engagement with children’s rights and financial performance using a dataset of 1672 firm-year observations, combining a novel children’s rights benchmark with Refinitiv’s financial and sustainability metrics. Results indicate a negative association between marketplace ratings, assessing firms’ child welfare considerations in marketing, and accounting-based profitability, even when controlling for ESG subscores. However, no similar relationship emerges in stock market performance. These findings highlight potential tensions between corporate responsibility and short-term financial outcomes, emphasizing the role of regulatory frameworks and stakeholder engagement in balancing financial and social objectives.

The previous literature finds a positive effect of institutional (relative to other investors’) ownership on firms’ innovation output . We study the impact of increases in the concentration of institutional investors’ ownership on firms’ decisions to invest in innovation and their innovation output. By reducing short-term earnings pressure, concentrated institutional investors’ ownership increases managers’ incentives to invest in R&D. However, it decreases firms’ acquisitions of external innovation due to empire-building and dilution concerns. Overall, firms’ future patents and citations decrease. Our results indicate that the previously found positive effect of institutional investors on innovation declines as the ownership of these investors becomes more concentrated. Despite that, we find that blockholder institutional ownership increases firm value. Hence, large institutional investors take measures to preserve the value of their ownership interests, even if they result in reduced innovation.