08.06.2017 • 25/2017
The German Economy: Strong Economic Activity in Germany and in the World
In the early summer of 2017, economic momentum in the world is quite strong. Important general conditions for the global economy are likely to remain favourable: Interest rates will continue to be low almost everywhere, and low inflationary pressure suggests that there are hardly any constraints from the supply side.
Oliver Holtemöller
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Expertise in the Political Process — Benefits, Limits and Risks
Aida Ćumurović, Reint E. Gropp, Lars Brozus, Oliver Geden, Uwe Schneidewind, Karl-Heinz Paqué, Lars P. Feld
Wirtschaftsdienst,
Vol. 97 (4),
2017
Abstract
Die Wahl Donald Trumps, der Brexit und der Erfolg populistischer Parteien in Europa zeigen tiefsitzende Skepsis gegenüber Experten und Eliten und deren komplexen Erklärungen der politischen und wirtschaftlichen Zusammenhänge. Ökonomen wird vorgeworfen, sich in Detailfragen zu verlieren und ein unrealistisches Menschenbild zu pflegen. Tatsächlich wäre es aber wichtig, die Unabhängigkeit der Ökonomen abzusichern, mehr Transparenz über die Hintergründe ihrer Ergebnisse herzustellen und stärker auf die Relevanz ihrer Forschungsfragen zu achten. Zudem sollten sie mehr Wert auf eine für alle verständliche Kommunikation mit Politik und Medien legen. Umgekehrt sollten letztere sich aber auch ernsthaft mit den ökonomischen Ergebnissen auseinandersetzen.
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12.04.2017 • 19/2017
Joint Economic Forecast Spring 2017: Upturn in Germany strengthens in spite of global economic risks
The German economy is already in the fifth year of a moderate upturn. According to the Gemeinschaftsdiagnose (GD, joint economic forecast) that was prepared by Germany’s five leading economic research institutes on behalf of the Federal Government, capacity utilization is gradually increasing, and aggregate production capacities are now likely to have slightly exceeded their normal utilisation levels. However, cyclical dynamics remain low compared to earlier periods of recoveries, as consumption expenditures, which do not exhibit strong fluctuations, have been the main driving force so far. In addition, net migration increases potential output, counteracting a stronger capacity tightening. “Gross domestic product (GDP) is expected to expand by 1.5% (1.8% adjusted for calendar effects) and 1.8% in the next year. Unemployment is expected to fall to 6.1% in 2016, to 5.7% in 2017 and 5.4% in 2018”, says Oliver Holtemöller, Head of the Department Macroeconomics and vice president of the Halle Institute for Economic Research (IWH) – Member of the Leibniz Association. Inflation is expected to increase markedly over the forecast horizon. After an increase in consumer prices of only 0.5% in 2016, the inflation rate is expected to rise to 1.8% in 2017 and 1.7% in 2018. The public budget surplus will reduce only modestly. Public finances are slightly stimulating economic activity in the current year and are cyclically neutral in the year ahead.
Oliver Holtemöller
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15.03.2017 • 13/2017
The German Economy: Employment Boom in Germany, but no Overheating of the Economy
Employment in Germany continues to increase healthily, and private consumption expands due to rising real incomes. Investment in equipment, however, remains modest. Overall, economic demand is expanding at roughly the growth rate of potential Gross Domestic Product (GDP), and the output gap is nearly closed. “In 2017, GDP will increase by 1.3% and thus at a lower rate than in the previous year, but this is only due to fewer working days and not to sliding demand,” says Oliver Holtemoeller, Head of the Department Macroeconomics and IWH vice president.
Oliver Holtemöller
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Konjunktur aktuell: Deutsche Wirtschaft weiter von Konsum und Bau beflügelt
Konjunktur aktuell,
No. 4,
2016
Abstract
Die deutsche Konjunktur bleibt aufgrund der starken Binnennachfrage recht kräftig. Im Jahr 2017 wird die Zuwachsrate des Bruttoinlandsprodukts nach der neuen IWH-Prognose 1,3% betragen. Sie fällt damit etwa einen halben Prozentpunkt geringer aus als im Jahr 2016, dies liegt an einer geringeren Anzahl an Arbeitstagen und an einem negativen Wachstumsbeitrag des Außenhandels. Die Verbraucherpreisinflation bleibt mit 1,3% mäßig. Die Arbeitslosigkeit nimmt wohl etwas zu, dazu trägt bei, dass die Integration Geflüchteter in den Arbeitsmarkt langwierig ist.
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14.12.2016 • 50/2016
The German Economy: Economic Activity Spurred by Private Consumption and Construction
German economic activity remains robust due to strong domestic demand. IWH forecasts gross domestic product (GDP) to increase by 1.3% in 2017. The growth rate is half a percentage point lower than in 2016 due to calendar effects and a negative contribution of external trade. Consumer price inflation also remains modest (1.3%). “Unemployment is expected to increase slightly due to a protracted integration of refugees into the labor market”, says Oliver Holtemöller, Head of the Department Macroeconomics and IWH vice president
Oliver Holtemöller
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Kalte Progression – Gefahr für die Stabilität der Schuldenbremse
Götz Zeddies
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 5,
2016
Abstract
Geringfügige Steuermehrbelastungen, die auf die kalte Progression bei der Einkommensteuer zurückzuführen sind, werden vom Steuerzahler kaum wahrgenommen und bieten dem deutschen Staat daher die Möglichkeit für schleichende Steuererhöhungen. Überschreiten die kumulierten Mehrbelastungen allerdings nach einigen Jahren eine kritische Schwelle, entsteht gewöhnlich ein politischer Druck für die Korrektur der kalten Progression. Wie im Beitrag gezeigt wird, kann die kalte Progression somit Auslöser eines Einnahmezyklus sein. Im Unterschied zu konjunkturbedingten Einnahmeschwankungen findet dieser Einnahmezyklus in den Regelungen zur Schuldenbremse keine Berücksichtigung. Ob die Regierungen eigenverantwortlich einen ausreichenden Sicherheitsabstand zur maximal zulässigen Nettokreditaufnahme einhalten, um diesen Schwankungen vorzubeugen, ist fraglich. Eine Indexierung des Steuertarifs, die eine automatische Korrektur der kalten Progression vorsieht, könnte derartige Schwankungen verhindern und für ein weniger volatiles Einkommensteueraufkommen sorgen.
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18.10.2016 • 46/2016
No Sign of Price Distortions – Lack of Evidence for Effects of US Bank Bailouts
There has been much political and public controversy surrounding the very large rescue packages offered to the banking sector in the course of the financial crisis of 2007 to 2009. The aim of the packages was to stabilise the financial sector and, therefore, the development of the real economy. The downsides of these bailouts were the enormous financial cost to the taxpayer, increased assumption of risk by the government and possible distortive effects on competition in the banking market – since not all banks were given financial support. Researchers at the Halle Institute for Economic Research (IWH) – Member of the Leibniz Association led by Professor Felix Noth have now studied the long-term, indirect and possible market-distorting effects of the US rescue packages.
Felix Noth
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Global Food Prices and Monetary Policy in an Emerging Market Economy: The Case of India
Oliver Holtemöller, Sushanta Mallick
Journal of Asian Economics,
Vol. 46,
2016
Abstract
This paper investigates a perception in the political debates as to what extent poor countries are affected by price movements in the global commodity markets. To test this perception, we use the case of India to establish in a standard SVAR model that global food prices influence aggregate prices and food prices in India. To further analyze these empirical results, we specify a small open economy New-Keynesian model including oil and food prices and estimate it using observed data over the period 1996Q2 to 2013Q2 by applying Bayesian estimation techniques. The results suggest that a big part of the variation in inflation in India is due to cost-push shocks and, mainly during the years 2008 and 2010, also to global food price shocks, after having controlled for exogenous rainfall shocks. We conclude that the inflationary supply shocks (cost-push, oil price, domestic food price and global food price shocks) are important contributors to inflation in India. Since the monetary authority responds to these supply shocks with a higher interest rate which tends to slow growth, this raises concerns about how such output losses can be prevented by reducing exposure to commodity price shocks.
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