Common Ownership, Tacit Know-How, and the Market for Technology
Dennis Hutschenreiter
IWH Discussion Papers,
No. 3,
2026
Abstract
Firms increasingly rely on markets for technology to acquire innovations developed outside their boundaries, yet acquiring intellectual property rights alone often does not guarantee successful implementation. Many technologies depend on tacit know-how that must be supplied by the provider after the transaction is completed. This paper examines whether common ownership between a technology provider and a potential adopter mitigates this implementation problem. I develop a model in which overlapping institutional investors cause the provider to partially internalize the adopter’s gains from successful implementation, strengthening incentives to transfer tacit know-how. This mechanism operates only when know-how is unverifiable – absent this friction, common ownership leaves matching and outcomes unchanged. Under moral hazard, the model predicts that common ownership increases the likelihood of technology transfer to a given adopter, that this effect is stronger when tacit know-how is more important, and that common ownership improves post-transfer outcomes conditional on adoption. I test these predictions using U.S. patent reassignments between publicly traded firms. Using within-deal variation across competing potential adopters and plausibly exogenous variation from passive index-fund holdings, I show that common ownership increases the likelihood that a firm acquires a technology, particularly when the transferred bundle is more tacit. Common ownership predicts stronger subsequent innovation and higher future firm value, especially when ownership overlap is concentrated among investors with stronger incentives to monitor the provider. These findings show how ownership structure shapes interfirm technology transfer by affecting not only who acquires a technology, but also how much value is created.
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Research Articles
Research Articles Explore cutting-edge research based on CompNet’s micro-aggregated firm-level data and related analytical tools. These articles cover empirical and theoretical…
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The Impacts of Intellectual Property Rights Protection on Cross-Border M&As
Iftekhar Hasan, Fahad Khalil, Xian Sun
Quarterly Journal of Finance,
Vol. 7 (3),
2017
Abstract
We investigate the impacts of improved intellectual property rights (IPR) protection on cross-border Mergers and Acquisitions performance. Using multiple measures of IPR protection and based on generalized difference-in-differences estimates, we find that countries with better IPR protection attract significantly more hi-tech cross-border Mergers and Acquisitions activity, particularly in developing economies. Moreover, acquirers pay higher premiums for companies in countries with better IPR protection, and there is a significantly higher acquirer announcement effect associated with these hi-tech transactions.
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Research Explorer – Technical Documentation of Routines
Wilfried Ehrenfeld
IWH Technical Reports,
No. 3,
2015
Abstract
Der Research Explorer ist ein von der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) und der Deutschen Akademischen Austauschdienstes (DAAD) zur Verfügung gestelltes Verzeichnis von Instituten an deutschen Hochschulen sowie außeruniversitäre Forschungseinrichtungen. Er steht kostenlos zum Download bereit und umfasst ca. 23.000 Einträge. Uns liegen zwei verschiedene Abzüge dieses Verzeichnisses vor, die sich jedoch in Abdeckung und Tiefe unterscheiden. Die eine Version umfasst 1712 Einträge, die andere über 22.000.
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RegDemo: Preparation and Merger of Actor Data – Technical Documentation of Routines and Datasets
Wilfried Ehrenfeld
IWH Technical Reports,
No. 1,
2015
Abstract
Übergeordnetes Ziel der hier vorgestellten Routinen ist die Abbildung von Kooperationsbeziehungen von Unternehmen, Universitäten, außeruniversitären Forschungseinrichtung sowie sonstiger Institutionen auf drei Ebenen von Innovationstätigkeit (Verbundprojekte; Publikationen; Patente). Dazu werden a) die drei innovationsbezogenen Datenbanken (Förderkatalog; Web of Knowledge; DPMA Patente) vereinheitlicht und zusammengeführt sowie b) diese kombinierten Datenbestände mittels Record-Linkage-Techniken mit den Daten aus den Institutionendatensätzen Amadeus und Research Explorer verknüpft. Die Zusammenführung erstreckt sich für dieses Projekt auf die sechs Fallregionen, die in RegDemo vorgesehen sind. Die Abgrenzung erfolgt anhand von Raumordnungsregionen: 501 - Aachen; 513 - Siegen; 602 - Nordhessen (= „Kassel“); 1302 – Mittleres Mecklenburg/Rostock (= „Rostock“); 1401 - Oberes Elbtal/Osterzgebirge (= „Dresden“); 1504 - Magdeburg.
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25 Years after the Fall of the Berlin Wall: The Economic Integration of East Germany
One-off Publications,
2014
Abstract
Citizens of the German Democratic Republic (GDR) regained their civil liberties when the Berlin Wall fell 25 years ago. Since then, they have been able to travel freely and have been free to choose where to live and work. The fall of the Berlin Wall was quickly followed by preparations for German Unification at a speed unparalleled in history: the first free Volkskammer elections on 18 March 1990, the economic, monetary and social union on 1 July 1990, and finally, the unification of Germany when the GDR was included in the jurisdiction of the Basic Law of the Federal Republic of Germany. The integration of the economies of East and West Germany, however, has proven to be a drawn-out process.
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Intellectual Property Rights Policy, Competition and Innovation
Daron Acemoglu, Ufuk Akcigit
Journal of the European Economic Association,
Vol. 10 (1),
2012
Abstract
To what extent and in what form should the intellectual property rights (IPR) of innovators be protected? Should a company with a large technology lead over its rivals receive the same IPR protection as a company with a more limited advantage? In this paper, we develop a dynamic framework for the study of the interactions between IPR and competition, in particular to understand the impact of such policies on future incentives. The economy consists of many industries and firms engaged in cumulative (step-by-step) innovation. IPR policy regulates whether followers in an industry can copy the technology of the leader. We prove the existence of a steady-state equilibrium and characterize some of its properties. We then quantitatively investigate the implications of different types of IPR policy on the equilibrium growth rate and welfare. The most important result from this exercise is that full patent protection is not optimal; instead, optimal policy involves state-dependent IPR protection, providing greater protection to technology leaders that are further ahead than those that are close to their followers. This is because of a trickle-down effect: providing greater protection to firms that are further ahead of their followers than a certain threshold increases the R&D incentives also for all technology leaders that are less advanced than this threshold.
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Global Value Chains During the Great Trade Collapse: A Bullwhip Effect?
Carlo Altomonte, Filippo di Mauro, Gianmarco Ottaviano, Armando Rungi, Vincent Vicard
ECB Working Paper,
No. 1412,
2012
Abstract
This paper analyzes the performance of global value chains during the trade collapse. To do so, it exploits a unique transaction-level dataset on French firms containing information on cross-border monthly transactions matched with data on worldwide intrafirm linkages as defined by property rights (multinational business groups, hierarchies of firms). This newly assembled dataset allows us to distinguish firm-level transactions among two alternative organizational modes of global value chains: internalization of activities (intragroup trade/trade among related parties) or establishment of supply contracts (arm's length trade/trade among unrelated parties). After an overall assessment of the role of global value chains during the trade collapse, we document that intra-group trade in intermediates was characterized by a faster drop followed by a faster recovery than arm's length trade. Amplified fluctuations in terms of trade elasticities by value chains have been referred to as the "bullwhip effect" and have been attributed to the adjustment of inventories within supply chains. In this paper we first confirm the existence of such an effect due to trade in intermediates, and we underline the role that different organizational modes can play in driving this adjustment.
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The Role of the Intellectual Property Rights Regime for Foreign Investors in Post-Socialist Economies
Benedikt Schnellbächer, Johannes Stephan
IWH Discussion Papers,
No. 4,
2009
Abstract
We integrate international business theory on foreign direct investment (FDI) with institutional theory on intellectual property rights (IPR) to explain characteristics and behaviour of foreign investment subsidiaries in Central East Europe, a region with an IPR regime-gap vis-à-vis West European countries. We start from the premise that FDI may play a crucial role for technological catch-up development in Central East Europe via technology and knowledge transfer. By use of a unique dataset generated at the IWH in collaboration with a European consortium in the framework of an EU-project, we assess the role played by the IPR regimes in a selection of CEE countries as a factor for corporate governance and control of foreign invested subsidiaries, for their own technological activity, their trade relationships, and networking partners for technological activity. As a specific novelty to the literature, we assess the in influence of the strength of IPR regimes on corporate control of subsidiaries and conclude that IPR-sensitive foreign investments tend to have lower functional autonomy, tend to cooperate more intensively within their transnational network and yet are still technologically more active than less IPR-sensitive subsidiaries. In terms of economic policy, this leads to the conclusion that the FDI will have a larger developmental impact if the IPR regime in the host economy is sufficiently strict.
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Export Promotion Needs the Disclosure of Industrial Potentials – A Case Study for the Federal State of Thuringia
Udo Ludwig, Brigitte Loose, Cornelia Lang
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 5,
2008
Abstract
In Ländern und Regionen mit gar nicht oder nur schwach expandierendem Binnenmarkt wird die Orientierung auf die Außenmärkte zum Dreh- und Angelpunkt für das Wachstum von Produktion und Beschäftigung. Das gilt umso mehr für Ökonomien, die aus dem Transformationsprozess von einer Staats- zu einer Marktwirtschaft mit einem kleinen Exportsektor hervorgegangenen sind und sich einem anhaltenden Rückgang der Einwohnerzahl gegenübersehen. Thüringen ist ein solches Land, für das der Rückstand im Export trotz nachhaltiger Aufholtendenzen auch nach 15 Jahren Aufbau neuer Wirtschaftsstrukturen groß ist.
Welche Rolle spielt die Wirtschaftsförderung bei der Erschließung der Potenziale zur Überwindung des Rückstands im Export? Die Studie, die sich ausführlich mit der Bedeutung von Exporteuren und Nichtexporteuren für die Thüringer Wirtschaft und deren Erfahrungen im Auslandsgeschäft befasst, zeigt, dass die Förderung in den vergangenen drei Jahren für ein Drittel der Exportunternehmen Bedeutung hatte, aber nicht allgegenwärtig war. Das spricht für das Vertrauen der Unternehmen in die eigene Kraft. Dabei folgen nach der Wichtigkeit für den Export auf die ureigensten außenwirtschaftlichen Förderinstrumente Messebeteiligung und Informationsveranstaltungen über Auslandsmärkte gleich zwei Instrumente zur Förderung allgemeiner betrieblicher Funktionen, nämlich Investitionen und Innovationen, von denen über die Erneuerung der Produkte und Produktionsprozesse der Export mittelbar beeinflusst wird.
Statistisch signifikante Zusammenhänge der Förderfälle mit den aus der internationalen Fachliteratur bekannten exportnahen Merkmalen der Betriebe konnten nicht festgestellt werden. Daraus ergibt sich: Die Förderung ergibt Sinn, sollte aber weder nach dem Alter der Unternehmen noch nach ihrer Größe selektieren. Sie sollte auch nicht allein als Aufgabe eines Ressorts Außenwirtschaftsförderung betrachtet werden, sondern andere Ressorts einbeziehen. Schließlich sollte vor allem Neueinsteigern der Weg auf die Auslandsmärkte geebnet werden, wenngleich auch gestandenen Exporteuren die Unterstützung beim Gang auf für sie neue Auslandsmärkte nicht ausgeschlagen werden darf.
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