Cross-border Interbank Networks, Banking Risk and Contagion
Lena Tonzer
Journal of Financial Stability,
2015
Abstract
Recent events have highlighted the role of cross-border linkages between banking systems in transmitting local developments across national borders. This paper analyzes whether international linkages in interbank markets affect the stability of interconnected banking systems and channel financial distress within a network consisting of banking systems of the main advanced countries for the period 1994–2012. Methodologically, I use a spatial modeling approach to test for spillovers in cross-border interbank markets. The results suggest that foreign exposures in banking play a significant role in channeling banking risk: I find that countries that are linked through foreign borrowing or lending positions to more stable banking systems abroad are significantly affected by positive spillover effects. From a policy point of view, this implies that in stable times, linkages in the banking system can be beneficial, while they have to be taken with caution in times of financial turmoil affecting the whole system.
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Risk and Return - Is there an Unholy Cycle of Ratings and Yields?
Makram El-Shagi, Gregor von Schweinitz
Economics Letters,
2015
Abstract
After every major financial crisis, the question about the responsibility of the rating agencies resurfaces. Regarding government bonds, the most frequently voiced concern targeted “unreasonably” bad ratings that might trigger capital flights and increasing risk premia which sanction further rating downgrades. In this paper we develop a multivariate, nonparametric version of the Pesaran type cointegration model that allows for nonlinearities, to show that a unique equilibrium between ratings and sovereign yields exists. Therefore, we have to reject the concern that there is an unholy cycle leading to certain default in the long run.
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Financial Integration, Housing, and Economic Volatility
Elena Loutskina, Philip E. Strahan
Journal of Financial Economics,
Nr. 1,
2015
Abstract
The Great Recession illustrates the sensitivity of the economy to housing. This paper shows that financial integration, fostered by securitization and nationwide branching, amplified the positive effect of housing price shocks on the economy during the 1994–2006 period. We exploit variation in credit supply subsidies across local markets from government-sponsored enterprises to measure housing price changes unrelated to fundamentals. Using this instrument, we find that house price shocks spur economic growth. The effect is larger in localities more financially integrated, through both secondary loan market and bank branch networks. Financial integration thus raised the effect of collateral shocks on local economies, increasing economic volatility.
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Regional Development in the Course of Economic Integration: The Case of German Unification, Development Path and Policy Experiences
Gerhard Heimpold
Cohesion and Development Policy in Europe,
2015
Abstract
Der Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über die wirtschaftliche Entwicklung in Ostdeutschland nach der Herstellung der Einheit Deutschlands, zeigt fortbestehende strukturelle Defizite, resümiert Erfahrungen beim Aufbau Ost und zieht einige wirtschaftspolitische Schlussfolgerungen.
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Reorganisazija promyschlennosti vostotschnoj Germanii (Der Umbau der Industrie in der Region Ostdeutschland)
Udo Ludwig
Region: Ekonomika i Soziologija,
2015
Abstract
Der Aufsatz behandelt den transformationsbedingten institutionellen und realwirtschaftlichen Umbau der Industrie auf dem Gebiet der ehemaligen DDR. Im Mittelpunkt stehen die Privatisierungsstrategie der deutschen Treuhandanstalt für Staatsunternehmen und deren Folgen für die Eigentümerverhältnisse, die Aktivitäten zur Rückkehr der Unternehmen auf einen Wachstumspfad und der mit der Re-Industrialisierung verbundene Strukturwandel der Industrieproduktion. Es wird gezeigt, dass der institutionelle Wandel zugleich einen Integrationspfad der ostdeutschen Industrie in den gesamtdeutschen Wirtschaftsverbund vorbestimmt hat, dessen Wachstums- und Aufholpotential eng begrenzt ist.
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25 Jahre nach dem Mauerfall: Weiterhin strukturelle Unterschiede auf dem Arbeitsmarkt zwischen Ost und West
Hans-Ulrich Brautzsch, Gerhard Heimpold, Walter Hyll, Maike Irrek, Cornelia Lang
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
Nr. 5,
2014
Abstract
Aus Anlass des Jahrestages hat das Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung Halle (IWH) die Broschüre „25 Jahre nach dem Mauerfall: Wirtschaftliche Integration Ostdeutschlands im Spiegel der Forschung am IWH“ herausgegeben. Ein Überblickstext und 25 Abbildungen zeichnen wichtige ökonomische Entwicklungen seit der deutschen Vereinigung bis heute nach. Der folgende Beitrag gibt Auszüge aus der Broschüre wieder. Im Mittelpunkt stehen die Themen Migration, Demographie und Arbeitsmarkt.
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25 Years after the Fall of the Berlin Wall: The Economic Integration of East Germany
Einzelveröffentlichungen,
2014
Abstract
Citizens of the German Democratic Republic (GDR) regained their civil liberties when the Berlin Wall fell 25 years ago. Since then, they have been able to travel freely and have been free to choose where to live and work. The fall of the Berlin Wall was quickly followed by preparations for German Unification at a speed unparalleled in history: the first free Volkskammer elections on 18 March 1990, the economic, monetary and social union on 1 July 1990, and finally, the unification of Germany when the GDR was included in the jurisdiction of the Basic Law of the Federal Republic of Germany. The integration of the economies of East and West Germany, however, has proven to be a drawn-out process.
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25 Jahre nach dem Mauerfall: Wirtschaftliche Integration Ostdeutschlands im Spiegel der Forschung am IWH
Einzelveröffentlichungen,
2014
Abstract
Als vor 25 Jahren die Berliner Mauer fiel, gewannen die Bürger der DDR ihre bürgerlichen Freiheiten zurück. Sie können seitdem frei reisen und ihren Wohn- und Arbeitsort frei wählen. Auf den Mauerfall folgten in historisch einmaligem Tempo Weichenstellungen zur Deutschen Einheit: erste freie Volkskammerwahlen am 18.03.1990, die Wirtschafts-, Währungs- und Sozialunion am 01.07.1990 und schließlich die Einheit Deutschlands durch den Beitritt der DDR zum Geltungsbereich des Grundgesetzes der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Die Integration der ost- und westdeutschen Wirtschaft ist allerdings ein langwieriger Prozess.
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The Development of Cities and Municipalities in Central and Eastern Europe: Introduction for a Special Issue of 'Urban Research and Practice'
Martin T. W. Rosenfeld, Albrecht Kauffmann
Urban Research & Practice, Vol. 7 (3),
Nr. 3,
2014
Abstract
Since the 1990s, local governments in Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries have been confronted by completely new structures and developments. This came after more than 40 years (or even longer in the case of the former Soviet Union) under a socialist regime and behind an iron curtain which isolated them from the non-socialist world. A lack of resources had led to an underinvestment in the refurbishment of older buildings, while relatively cheap ‘prefabricated’ housing had been built, not only in the outskirts of cities, but also within city centres. A lack of resources had also resulted in the fact that the socialist regimes were generally unable to replace old buildings with ‘modern’ ones; hence, there is a very rich heritage of historical monuments in many of these cities today. The centrally planned economies and the development of urban structures (including the shifts of population between cities and regions) were determined by ideology, political rationality and the integration of all CEE countries into the production schemes of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance and its division of labour by location. The sudden introduction of a market economy, private property, democratic rules, local autonomy for cities and municipalities and access to the global economy and society may be seen as a kind of ‘natural experiment’. How would these new conditions shape the national systems of cities and municipalities? Which cities would shrink and which would grow? How would the relationship between core cities and their surrounding municipalities develop? And what would happen within these cities and with their built environment?
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