Economic Development in Saxony-Anhalt: empirical results and policy recommendations
Franz Barjak, Peter Franz, Gerhard Heimpold, Martin T. W. Rosenfeld
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 3,
2001
Abstract
Though the basic economic problems are still of the same kind all over East Germany, partially considerable regional differences exist in respect to the conditions for further economic development. Therefore, detailed empirical analyses for the individual Länder and their sub-regions are necessary making economic policy recommendations. The following contribution deals with this task taking Saxony-Anhalt as an example.
A multitude of indicators is used to bring out the specific strengths and weaknesses of the economy of this state (Land) and its sub-regions. The outstanding strength of Saxony-Anhalt are the high private investment outlays which served to build a modern capital stock during the past ten years. Another fundamental strength of the Land are the universities and public research institutions. Besides these unambiguous strengths some ‘ambivalent’ growth factors exist which are characterized by strengths as well as by weaknesses. Such ‘ambivalent’ growth factors are the infrastructure and the situation of important sectors and branches of economic activity. The weaknesses of Saxony-Anhalt’s economic structure find expression especially in its low supply with human capital and entrepreneurial initiative as well as in the few research and development efforts of its firms.
The aforementioned strengths of the Land are reflected insufficiently in its economic output. Consequently some economic policy measures are proposed to bring about an improvement: Amongst other things Saxony-Anhalt should develop a clear idea of its economic development (Leitbild). Such a Leitbild could be related to the Land’s strengths or to the elimination of its major weaknesses. This also would facilitate a concentrated use of the different economic policy instruments. The latter shouldn’t only be concentrated on singular economic growth factors but also spatially, on the economically stronger sub-regions, as this can lead to larger growth effects for the entire Land. The good provision with public research institutions in Saxony-Anhalt should be used to bring about an improvement of the economic structure to a larger extent than until now. This could be done for example by means of a further strengthening of applied research vs. basic research, possibly via orienting the public research more towards the existing branches of economic activity. Finally, the Land should intensify its efforts to increase the entrepreneurial initiative in Saxony-Anhalt, e. g. by means of introducing courses in economics in its schools.
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East German Manufacturing: Strongly differentiated if branches and firms are distinguished
Joachim Ragnitz
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 2,
2001
Abstract
The East German manufacturing sector is characterized by a strong differentiation that cannot be seen in aggregate figures. On the basis of highly disaggregated figures that distinguishes by branches and firms as well it is shown that neither in decreasing industries (like the clothing industry) all firms are faced with a decline in production nor in growing industries (like fine mechanics) all establishments can really participate in growth. It is argued that there is still an intensive selection process in the East German economy that will help to reach a higher level of competitiveness.
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Structural change, specialization patterns, and the productivity gap between Central and Eastern Europe and the European Union
Johannes Stephan
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 13,
2000
Abstract
The transition countries of Central East Europe exhibit significantly lower productivity levels than that of the average of the 15 European Union countries. Since the outset of transition, however, this gap has clearly narrowed.
Next to technological and organisational factors it is sectoral structures which play an important role for the development and level of national productivities: in most transition economies, structural change clearly contributed positively to productivity growth. Poland is an exception here, no significant effect of structural change between sectors and industrial branches on the growth of the national productivity level could be found. The low intensity of structural adjustment in Poland in particular in the agricultural sector corresponds with a decisive role played by the sectoral pattern of specialisation within the European division of labour as determinant of the productivity gap. Hungary and to some degree also Slovenia, the country with the lowest productivity gap, exhibit similar results. Only in the cases of the Czech Republic and Slovakia remain negligible the explanatory powers of respective patterns of specialisation as productivity determinants.
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Environmental policy under product differentiation and asymmetric costs - Does leapfrogging occur and is it worth it?
Jacqueline Rothfels
IWH Discussion Papers,
No. 124,
2000
Abstract
This paper studies the influence of environmental policies on environmental quality, domestic firms, and welfare. Point of departure is Porter’s hypothesis that unilateral environmental regulation may enhance the competitiveness of domestic firms. This hypothesis has recently received considerable support in theoretical analyses, especially if imperfectly competitive markets with strategic behavior on behalf of the agents are taken into account. Our work contributes to this literature by explicitely investigating the implications of asymmetric cost structures between a domestic and a foreign firm sector. We use a partial-equilibrium model of vertical product differentiation, where the consumption of a product causes environmental harm. Allowing for differentiated products, the domestic industry can either assume the market leader position or lag behind in terms of the environmental quality of the produced product. Assuming as a benchmark case that the domestic industry lags behind, we investigate the possibility of the government to induce leapfrogging of the domestic firm, i.e. a higher quality produced by the domestic firm after regulation than that of the competitor prior to regulation. It is shown that in the case of a cost advantage for the domestic firm in the production process the imposition of a binding minimum quality standard can serve as a tool to induce leapfrogging. In case of a cost disadvantage the same result can be achieved through an adequate subsidization of quality dependend production costs. Thus, careful regulation enables the domestic firm in both scenarios to better its competitive position against foreign competitors and to earn larger profits. Additionally, environmental quality and welfare can be enhanced.
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Does the East German industry structure affect productivity development adversely?
Ralf Müller, Anita Wölfl
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 3,
2000
Abstract
Innovationen werden gemeinhin als wichtiges Instrument für Produktivitätssteigerungen angesehen. Auch wenn zuletzt scheinbar der Schrumpfungsprozess der ostdeutschen Spitzentechnologie gestoppt ist, so ist die Industrie der neuen Länder weiterhin vorwiegend durch nicht FuE-intensive Branchen geprägt. Sind damit anhaltende Produktivitätsnachteile für die Zukunft vorausprogrammiert?
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The renovation of the service sector in the New Länder
Gerald Müller
Forschungsreihe,
No. 7,
1999
Abstract
Diese umfangreiche Studie zeichnet ein Bild von den besonderen Nachfrage- und Angebotseffekten, durch die der Erneuerungsprozess des ostdeutschen Dienstleistungssektors maßgeblich bestimmt wurde. Dazu zählen auf der Nachfrageseite die vergleichsweise niedrigen Einkommen in den neuen Bundesländern sowie die Ost-West-Transfers und auf der Angebotsseite die beruflichen Qualifikationen der Erwerbspersonen.
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East Germany's economic dependence on the construction sector relaxes
Brigitte Loose, Udo Ludwig
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 15,
1998
Abstract
Das Wachstum der ostdeutschen Wirtschaft wurde in den Aufbaujahren vom Aufschwung des Bausektors geprägt, dabei bildeten sich überdurchschnittlich kräftige und enge Verflechtungen aller anderen Produktionsbereiche zum Baugewerbe heraus. Mit fortschreitender Entwicklung sind im Unterschied zur Anfangsphase die Wirtschaftsstrukturen erstarkt, die Wachstumsimpulse aus baufernen Bereichen und von überregionalen Märkten erhalten. Damit lockert sich die Abhängigkeit der ostdeutschen Wirtschaft vom Baugeschehen in der Region. Der empirische Nachweis wurde mit dem offenen statischen Input-Output-Modell geführt.
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Macroeconomic and corporate adjustment progress in East Germany
Forschungsreihe,
No. 6,
1998
Abstract
Schwerpunktthema des 18. Berichtes ist der Stand der Reindustrialisierung in den neuen Ländern. Hierzu werden die Ergebnisse der Untersuchungen zur Branchenstruktur und zur Wettbewerbsfähigkeit der Unternehmen präsentiert. Besonders beleuchtet wurden die Entwicklung auf den Absatzmärkten, der Kapitalstock, die Kosten- und Ertragssituation, Forschung und Entwicklung und die Einbindung der Unternehmen in Netzwerke.
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Obsolete qualification structures restrict growth of business services in the New Länder
Gerald Müller
IWH Discussion Papers,
No. 68,
1998
Abstract
n dem Papier wird untersucht, inwieweit Qualifikationsstrukturen das Wachstum bei den produktionsnahen Dienstleistungen in den neuen Ländern behindern. Die Analyse zeigt, dass in manchen Bereichen (z.B. EDV, Steuer- und Rechtsberatung) in absehbarer Zeit die Nachfrage nach Arbeitskräften trotz der hohen Arbeitslosenquote nicht mehr zu decken sein wird. Für einige Bereiche bieten sich berufliche Weiterqualifizierungsmaßnahmen an, für andere eine verstärkte Berufsausbildung.
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Export very dynamic in manufacturing sector: Better prospects for East German companies
Ingrid Haschke, Udo Ludwig
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 4,
1998
Abstract
Der Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über die Exportentwicklung in Ostdeutschland, die nach 1996 besonders dynamisch verlief. Es wird auf die zwar immer noch geringe, jedoch zunehmende Einbindung der ostdeutschen Wirtschaft in die internationalen Wirtschaftsbeziehungen eingegangen. Die Analyse der Warenausfuhr nach güterbezogenen und regionalen Gesichtspunkten ergab, dass mit ansteigender Tendenz vor allem Fertigwaren exportiert werden und sich als Hauptabsatzmarkt für ostdeutsche Produkte immer mehr die Länder der Europäischen Union herausbilden.
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