IWH-Industrieumfrage im November 2007: Geschäftslage signalisiert konjunkturelle Verlangsamung
Cornelia Lang
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 12,
2007
Abstract
Die Stimmung in der ostdeutschen Industrie trübt sich zum Jahresende ein, wie die Ergebnisse der IWH-Industrieumfrage vom November unter rund 300 Unternehmen zeigen. Zurückzuführen ist das auf eine weniger günstige Bewertung der aktuellen Geschäftslage. Gegenüber der Septemberumfrage ist der Saldo der positiven und negativen Meldungen um vier Punkte zurückgegangen. Die Geschäftsaussichten hingegen verbleiben auf ihrem hohen Niveau; dieser Saldo legte um einen Punkt zu.
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Poland: Strong Domestic Demand Will Drive Economic Activity
Martina Kämpfe
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 12,
2007
Abstract
Domestic demand was the main force behind growth in 2007. The high level of both, gross fixed investments of firms and private consumption, led to extended industrial production capacities and increased demand of imports. Extraordinarily high was the demand for the output of construction firms. Rising employment and wages and the continuing expansion of loans to the household sector supported the private consumption growth. The high levels of capacity utilization coincide with shortages of labour. First responses to this were wage hikes, which pushed the unit labour costs and led to some increase in consumer price inflation. In 2008, expansion of economic activity will continue at only some lower level, driven by investments and consumption.
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Strategien der neuen Bundesländer im Rahmen der Gemeinschaftsaufgabe „Verbesserung der regionalen Wirtschaftsstruktur“ – Ein Vergleich –
Mirko Titze
IWH Discussion Papers,
No. 14,
2007
Abstract
The Common Task “Improvement of Regional Economic Structure” is one of the most important instruments for the “Reconstruction East”. Herein the federal states have an extensive flexibility to define their own kind of industrial policy. Due to their structural deficits this paper is focused on the federal states in East-Germany. A decrease in the budget constrains the governments to improve efficiency of subsidies. However, there is one way to solve this problem: change unselective government aid to regional as well as sectoral government aid. This paper shows that there is only one federal state, which has applied this kind of policy: the federal state of Brandenburg.
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Determinants of International Fragmentation of Production in the European Union
Götz Zeddies
IWH Discussion Papers,
No. 15,
2007
Abstract
The last decades were characterized by large increases in world trade, not only in absolute terms, but also in relation to world GDP. This was in large parts caused by increasing exchanges of parts and components between countries as a consequence of international fragmentation of production. Apparently, greater competition especially from the Newly Industrializing and Post-Communist Economies prompted firms in ‘high-wage’ countries to exploit international factor price differences in order to increase their international competitiveness. However, theory predicts that, beside factor price differences, vertical disintegration of production should be driven by a multitude of additional factors. Against this background, the present paper reveals empirical evidence on parts and components trade as an indicator for international fragmentation of production in the European Union. On the basis of a panel data approach, the main explanatory factors for international fragmentation of production are determined. The results show that, although their influence can not be neglected, factor price differences are only one out of many causes for shifting production to or sourcing components from foreign countries.
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10.12.2007 • 42/2007
Industrieumfrage im November 2007: Geschäftslage signalisiert konjunkturelle Verlangsamung
Geschäftslage signalisiert konjunkturelle Verlangsamung Die Stimmung in der ostdeutschen Industrie trübt sich zum Jahresende ein, wie die Ergebnisse der IWH-Industrieumfrage vom November unter rund 300 Unternehmen zeigen. Zurückzuführen ist das auf eine weniger günstige Bewertung der aktuellen Geschäftslage.
IWH-Bauumfrage im Oktober 2007: Aktuelle Lage verbessert, Aussichten unverändert
Brigitte Loose
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 11,
2007
Abstract
Nach Auslaufen der Sondereffekte stellt sich die Geschäftslage im Baugewerbe laut Umfrage des IWH unter 300 ostdeutschen Unternehmen im Oktober wieder etwas günstiger dar als zuvor. Bemerkenswert ist, daß derzeitig knapp drei Viertel der Unternehmen ihre aktuelle Geschäftslage als „gut“ oder „eher gut“ bezeichnen. In Bezug auf die Geschäftsentwicklung bis zum Frühjahr nächsten Jahres ist die Mehrzahl der Unternehmen aber wieder skeptisch. Insbesondere die Unternehmen des Bauhauptgewerbes äußerten mehrheitlich die Befürchtung, daß die Baugeschäfte im Winterhalbjahr wieder „schlecht“ oder „eher schlecht“ ausfallen.
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Getting out of the Ivory Tower - New Perspectives on the Entrepreneurial University
Jutta Günther, Kerstin Wagner
Discussion Papers on Entrepreneurship and Innovation 2/2007,
No. 2,
2007
Abstract
Based on theoretical considerations about the “third mission” of universities and the discussion of the nature of different university-industry relations, we conclude that the entrepreneurial university is a manifold institution with direct ways to transfer technology from academia to industry as well as indirect connections to industry via entrepreneurship education and training. While existing literature usually deals with one or another linking mechanism separately, our central hypothesises is that direct and indirect mechanisms should be interrelated and mutually complementary. We emphasize the importance of a more holistic view and empirically investigate the scope and interrelatedness of entrepreneurship education and direct technology transfer mechanisms at German universities. We find a variety of activities in both fields and evidence for an identification of HEI with the mission of knowledge commercialisation. Furthermore, it shows that the HEIs’ technology transfer facilities and the entrepreneurship education providers co-operate in support of the creation of spin-offs and innovative start-ups.
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14.11.2007 • 38/2007
Ostdeutsche Chemische Industrie: Rückstand bei Rendite aufgeholt
Die Chemische Industrie Ostdeutschlands hat nach einem langjährigen Aufholprozeß auch den Rückstand bei der Rendite aufgeholt. In den Unternehmen mit 20 und mehr Beschäftigten waren im Jahr 2005 – aktuellere Daten liegen nicht vor – in Ostdeutschland die Erlöse im Durchschnitt um 7,1% höher als die Kosten (Westdeutschland: 5,4%).
IWH-Industrieumfrage im September 2007: Investitionsgüterproduzenten bestimmen anhaltendes Stimmungshoch
Cornelia Lang
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 10,
2007
Abstract
Die seit dem Frühjahr bestehende optimistische Einschätzung des Geschäftsklimas in der ostdeutschen Industrie setzt sich – wenn auch in abgebremster Form – im Herbst fort. Das zeigen die Ergebnisse der IWH-Industrieumfrage vom September unter rund 300 Unternehmen. Der Saldo der positiven und negativen Meldungen zur Geschäftslage ist seit der Juliumfrage nochmals um zwei Punkte angestiegen und überflügelt den entsprechenden Vorjahreswert sogar um elf Punkte. Nur 13 von 100 Unternehmen gaben weniger gute Urteile ab.
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Market Follows Standards
Ulrich Blum
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 10,
2007
Abstract
Standards are an important part of the codified knowledge of a society. In contrast to industry standards, formal standards are created in a consensus-based procedure open to all interested parties. Only if an economic interest for application exists will formal standards be produced. Interested parties have to shoulder participation costs themselves, which enforces economic interest. Up to a certain extent, governments also trigger and finance formal standardisation processes through the new approach, which creates a framework that is filled by private activity. Standards stand at the end of intellectual property rights if the totality of the value chain of knowledge production is looked at. One important aspect is their accessibility and the inclusion of all necessary intellectual property rights, especially patents, at reasonable prices. Conversely, consortia may exclude groups from the use of their standards. By preventing the licensing of those patents included in a standard, they can effectively block market entry. Thus, “successful” standards often face antitrust problems. Formal standards reduce costs of production through economies of scale, economies of scope and network-economies. Goods and processes that are standardized signal quality, the inclusion of high technological standards and permanent presence in the markets, which again accelerates market dissemination. Firms face a dilemma: On the one hand, the penetration of a markets with industry standards offers potentials for high profits; on the other hand, this has to be balanced against the risk of failure, especially if clients are hesitant because they do not know which standard will be successful in the end. Formal standards create and stabilize trust markets. This is especially true in the area of globalisation. Europe, which has to face an enormous competition in the international knowledge economy, needs an institutionally efficient approach to formal standardisation. This contribution addresses future problems of the European standardisation that have been developed within the framework of a working group of the European Standardisation Organisation called Future Landscape of European Standardisation (FLES).
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