Was Änderungen beim Rentenniveau die Beitragszahler kosten
Oliver Holtemöller, Felix Pohle, Götz Zeddies
IWH Online,
No. 2,
2016
Abstract
„Das Niveau der gesetzlichen Rente darf nicht weiter sinken, sondern muss auf dem jetzigen Niveau stabilisiert werden“, lautet eine aktuelle Forderung des Bundeswirtschaftsministers, Sigmar Gabriel. Was würde dieser Vorschlag die Beitragszahler kosten? Die gesetzliche Rentenversicherung basiert auf dem Prinzip, dass die laufenden Renten aus den laufenden Beiträgen der Beschäftigten bezahlt werden. Ein solches System ist stabil, solange sich das Verhältnis von Beitragszahlern und Rentenempfängern nicht dramatisch verschlechtert. Aber genau das ist absehbar, wenn die aktuellen Geburten- und Sterberaten fortgeschrieben werden. Während im Jahr 2016 ein Beschäftigter für 0,53 Rentner aufkommt, wird ein Beschäftigter im Jahr 2030 die Leistungen für 0,68 Rentner und im Jahr 2050 für 0,83 Rentner aufbringen müssen.
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22.04.2016 • 16/2016
Stabiles Rentenniveau würde Beitragszahler und -zahlerinnen noch stärker belasten und Jüngere zusätzlich benachteiligen
Der Vorschlag, das Rentenniveau zu stabilisieren und nicht wie derzeit geltend sinken zu lassen, bedeutet, dass bei unveränderten Regelungen zum Renteneintrittsalter die Beiträge bis zum Jahr 2030 um 2 Prozentpunkte stärker steigen werden als ohnehin geplant. Weitere Berechnungen und Alternativvorschläge zur Vermeidung von Altersarmut enthält eine heute erscheinende IWH-Studie.
Oliver Holtemöller
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Gemeinschaftsdiagnose Frühjahr 2014: Deutsche Konjunktur im Aufschwung – aber Gegenwind von der Wirtschaftspolitik (Kurzfassung)
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 2,
2014
Abstract
Die deutsche Wirtschaft befindet sich im Frühjahr 2014 im Aufschwung. Das Bruttoinlandsprodukt wird in diesem Jahr voraussichtlich um 1,9% steigen. Das 68-Prozent-Prognoseintervall reicht dabei von 1,2% bis 2,6%. Treibende Kraft ist die Binnennachfrage. Der Anstieg der Verbraucherpreise fällt mit 1,3% im Jahr 2014 moderat aus. Die Zahl der Erwerbstätigen dürfte im Jahr 2014 noch einmal kräftig steigen. Die Konjunktur erhält allerdings Gegenwind von der Wirtschaftspolitik. So ist die abschlagsfreie Rente ab 63 ein Schritt in die falsche Richtung, und die Einführung des Mindestlohns wird im Jahr 2015 den Beschäftigungsanstieg dämpfen.
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Old Age Poverty – Causes and a Projection for 2023
Ingmar Kumpmann, Michael Gühne, Herbert S. Buscher
Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik,
No. 232,
2012
Abstract
Several factors bring about a rise in old age poverty in Germany, especially in East Germany. Using data from the German Socio-economic Panel (SOEP) we examine causes and extent of old age poverty in Germany. We begin our inquiry with a cross section regression in order to determine the impact of several factors on retirement incomes in Germany. In the second step we performan income projection of today’s 50 to 55 year-old people for the year 2023. In doing so, we take into account different sources of income, including several forms of capital income and the calculated rent of owner-occupied houses and flats.We find a significant rise in old age poverty especially in East Germany as a consequence of rising unemployment after the German unification.
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Enjoying the Quiet Life Under Deregulation? Evidence from Adjusted Lerner Indices for U.S. Banks
Michael Koetter, James W. Kolari, Laura Spierdijk
Review of Economics and Statistics,
No. 2,
2012
Abstract
The quiet life hypothesis posits that firms with market power incur inefficiencies rather than reap monopolistic rents. We propose a simple adjustment to Lerner indices to account for the possibility of foregone rents to test this hypothesis. For a large sample of U.S. commercial banks, we find that adjusted Lerner indices are significantly larger than conventional Lerner indices and trending upward over time. Instrumental variable regressions reject the quiet life hypothesis for cost inefficiencies. However, Lerner indices adjusted for profit inefficiencies reveal a quiet life among U.S. banks.
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Works Councils and Firm Profits Revisited
Steffen Müller
British Journal of Industrial Relations,
No. 1,
2011
Abstract
As they are employee associations, it is typically presumed that works councils redistribute economic rents from firm owners to workers. And indeed, the empirical literature suggests that German works councils reduce profits. The studies on the profitability effect of works councils mainly use self-reported subjective profit evaluations of managers as the dependent variable. I argue that these are poor measures of real profits. Newly available information on firms' capital stock allows me to revisit the profit effect now using an objective profit measure. When utilizing the subjective measure I find the standard results; with the objective measure, however, the works council effect on profits is positive and significant.
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Investor Rationality and House Price Bubbles: The Case of Berlin and the German Reunification
Oliver Holtemöller, R. Schulz
German Economic Review,
2010
Abstract
We analyze the behavior of investors in the Berlin rental apartment house market over the years 1980–2004. Using constant-quality multipliers (price–rent ratios), we reject the hypothesis that multipliers in the market were set in a rational manner. Supported by narrative evidence, we conjecture that investors misjudged the economic effects of the German reunification. To examine this, we employ a stylized structural economic model and analyze the effects of shocks on rational multipliers. It seems that investors confused the reunification with a permanent supply side shock to the economy. By basing their investment decisions on this misjudgement, investors behaved irrationally, but in a very uncertain and unprecedented environment.
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Energy Efficiency of the Housing Stock: Are potential savings overrated?
Claus Michelsen, S. Müller-Michelsen
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 9,
2010
Abstract
A core element of the European Climate Protection Policy is the reduction of Energy usage in private households. Legal instruments focus particularly on private multifamily housing. When refurbishing or building a new home, the German regulation for energy saving in buildings and building systems, Energieeinsparverordnung (EnEV 2009), thereby formulates relatively strict standards on energy conservation. But these standards mainly address the technical potentials of energy efficiency gains instead of considering market conditions and different types of housing, especially their age. Theory suggests that legal settings therefore retain owners to refurbish their homes, when returns on investment are negative, especially in regions where market conditions do not allow for higher rents or the costs of refurbishment are too high.
The article presents evidence for these theoretical considerations: based on a large scale sample provided by the company ista Germany, it can be shown, that energy usage differs by the age of dwellings and by the standard of refurbishment. Data suggests that the assumed potentials of energy conservation, which are mainly motivated by technical considerations, are too high. The differences may be a result of different cost functions of refurbishment. Further evidence for this finding is provided by architectural considerations.
As a result, the article suggests to legally distinguishing between different types of housing and to consider market conditions, when providing public funding for energy efficiency. It is suggested to implement a two multidimensional strategy, considering climate protection, urban development issues and the rationality of real estate investors.
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Old Age Poverty – Causes and a Projection for 2023
Ingmar Kumpmann, Michael Gühne, Herbert S. Buscher
Abstract
Several factors bring about a rise in old age poverty in Germany, especially in East Germany. Using data from the German Socio-economic Panel (SOEP) we examine causes and extent of old age poverty in Germany. We begin our inquiry with a cross section regression in order to determine the impact of several factors on retirement incomes in Germany. In the second step we perform an income projection of today’s 50 to 55 year-old people for the year 2023. In doing so, we take into account different sources of income, including several forms of capital income and the calculated rent of owner-occupied houses and flats. We find a significant rise in old age poverty especially in East Germany as a consequence of rising unemployment after the German unification.
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Size and Focus of a Venture Capitalist's Portfolio
Paolo Fulghieri, Merih Sevilir
Review of Financial Studies,
No. 11,
2009
Abstract
We take a portfolio approach to analyze the investment strategy of a venture capitalist (VC) and show that portfolio size and scope affect both the entrepreneurs' and the VC's incentives to exert effort. A small portfolio improves entrepreneurial incentives because it allows the VC to concentrate the limited human capital on a smaller number of startups, adding more value. A large and focused portfolio is beneficial because it allows the VC to reallocate the limited resources and human capital in the case of startup failure and allows the VC to extract greater rents from the entrepreneurs. We show that the VC finds it optimal to limit portfolio size when startups have higher payoff potential - that is, when providing strong entrepreneurial incentives is most valuable. The VC expands portfolio size only when startup fundamentals are more moderate and when he can form a sufficiently focused portfolio. Finally, we show that the VC may find it optimal to engage in portfolio management by divesting some of the startups early since this strategy allows him to extract a greater surplus.
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