On the Twin Deficits Hypothesis and the Import Intensity in Transition Countries
Hubert Gabrisch
International Economics and Economic Policy,
No. 2,
2015
Abstract
This article aims to explain the increasing deficits in the trade and current account balances of three post-transition countries–Czech Republic, Hungary, and Poland–by testing two hypotheses: the twin deficit hypothesis and increasing import intensity of export production. The method uses co-integration and related techniques to test for a long-run causal relationship between the fiscal and external deficits of three post-transition countries in Central and Eastern Europe. In addition, an import intensity model is tested by applying OLS and GMM. All the results reject the Twin Deficits Hypothesis. Instead, the results demonstrate that specific transition factors such as net capital flows and, probably, a high import intensity of exports affect the trade balance.
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An Economic Life in Vain − Path Dependence and East Germany’s Pre- and Post-Unification Economic Stagnation
Ulrich Blum
IWH Discussion Papers,
No. 10,
2011
Abstract
20 years after unification, the East German twin’s economic position is relatively stagnant compared to most of the West German productivity and income variables. The strong initial takeoff until the mid-end 1990s ended at a level of 70% to 80% of the western reference. In this paper, two interdependent hypotheses are put to the test: (i) that the communist economy prior to unification was on a stagnating path contrary to what standard analyses show; (ii) that strong elements of path dependence exist and that the switch from plan to market offset the pre-unification stagnation but was not able to repair structural deficits inherited from the past. In fact, looking into West German long-term data, an extremely stable development path can be found that extends from the 19th century to the present. Thus, the analysis of the East German development path is both economically relevant and politically interesting if economic policies are to be formulated.
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Hungarian economic growth marked by imbalances: A new problem with the twin deficit?
Johannes Stephan, Werner Gnoth
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 8,
1999
Abstract
Der Artikel beschäftigt sich mit dem Problem Ungarns, auf einen makroökonomisch stabilen Wachstumspfad einzuschwenken. Seitdem im Jahre 1994 die Entwicklungen des Haushaltsbudgets und der Leistungsbilanz das Land an den Rand einer Krise brachte, wird der weiteren Entwicklung des ungarischen “Zwillingsdefizits“ besondere Beachtung geschenkt. Die Analyse der sich seit 1998 wieder intensivierenden Instabilitäten deutet auf neue Ursachen, welche in ihrer Wirkungsdauer meist nur beschränkt sind und in der Wirtschaftsplanung weitgehend antizipiert wurden. Damit ist aus heutiger Sicht eine erneute krisenhafte Entwicklung in Ungarn nicht zu erwarten.
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