Cities and Regions in Locational Competition – New Tendencies, Effects and Policy Consequences
Albrecht Kauffmann, Martin T. W. Rosenfeld
Forschungs- und Sitzungsberichte der ARL, Bd. 238,
2012
Abstract
Due to ongoing globalisation tendencies and the increasing intensity of exchanges of information, goods and services, competition between regions seems likely to continue to intensify. Numerous changes in framework conditions also give rise to new approaches to planning and management. These range from various types of competition to questions relating to new strategies for regional and urban development policy. This volume uses various different issues to trace, order and specify the multiple dimensions and underlying causes of structural changes in competition between locations, supported by cross-sectional studies primarily based on existing investigations. As empirical proof of the concrete consequences of changed competitive conditions is largely lacking in the existing literature, explorative case-studies of chosen cities and regions are also used to investigate the extent to which changes expected to arise from new structures of locational competition can be verified and how the political actors responsible have reacted thus far.
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Transport Costs and Urban Systems
Albrecht Kauffmann
Forschungs- und Sitzungsberichte der ARL, Bd. 238,
2012
Abstract
The average costs of transporting goods in a national economy are one of thefactors that significantly contribute towards the shaping of the urban system. This paper pursues the question of what effect changes in transport costs (this can include a reduction as well as an increase) can have on the urban system. Various models based on the fundamental assumptions of New Economic Geography are applied The specific assumptions of these models are compared with one another and their results contrasted It is demonstrated that the modelling results, which in some cases are based upon very restrictive assumptions, appear to contradict one another in terms oftheirfindings, or, alternatively, that thefindings of these models should only be interpreted with regard to the specific questions that each pose. These include suburbanisation tendencies, the opening up of peripheral regions, and the concentration of company headquarters.
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Agglomeration and FDI in East German Knowledge-intensive Business Services
Philipp Marek
Economia Politica,
No. 3,
2012
Abstract
The focus of this article is the empirical identification of factors influencing Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in the knowledge-intensive business service (KIBS) sector on the regional level of «Raumordnungsregionen» in East Germany. The analysis focuses on the impact of regional agglomeration and technological capability on the location decision of foreign investors and West German MNEs. It shows that localisation, patent activity and the share of employees with an R&D occupation affect significantly the location decision of FDI. This result provides an explanation for the strong concentration of KIBS in urban areas in a post-transition economy.
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Wissenstransfer in der Region Jena: Die Bedeutung von Innovationskooperationen
S. Pfeil, Michael Schwartz, K. Kaps, M.-W. Stoetzer
Contribution to IWH Volume,
aus: Vernetzung, Kooperationen, Metropolregionen – Effekte für die wirtschaftliche Zukunft der Städte. Dokumentationen des „3rd Halle Forum on Urban Economic Growth“
2012
Abstract
Beitrag aus: Vernetzung, Kooperationen, Metropolregionen – Effekte für die wirtschaftliche Zukunft der Städte. Dokumentationen des „3rd Halle Forum on Urban Economic Growth“.
Jena als Mitgliedsstadt des Kooperationsverbundes „Metropolregion Mitteldeutschland“ vereint eine stark ausgeprägte und vernetzte Wissenschafts- und Wirtschaftslandschaft, die bereits Gegenstand vielfältiger Analysen war. Neben der 450-jährigen Friedrich-Schiller-Universität und der Fachhochschule Jena, die dieses Jahr ihr 20-jähriges Jubiläum feiert, sind international renommierte Forschungseinrichtungen u. a. der Max-Planck- und Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft sowie der Leibniz-Gemeinschaft ansässig. Zudem finden sich eine Vielzahl junger innovationsorientierter Unternehmen, z. B. in der optischen Industrie, der Mikrosystemtechnik und der Biotechnologie auf der einen Seite sowie die Traditionsunternehmen Jenoptik, Zeiss und Schott auf der anderen Seite. Die Zusammenarbeit von Wissenschaft und Wirtschaft ist in Jena historisch verwurzelt – so arbeiteten bereits der Chemiker und Glastechniker Otto Schott, der Physiker und Professor Ernst Abbe und Universitätsmechaniker Carl Zeiss in der Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts gemeinsam an der Entwicklung optischer Geräte.
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Metropolregion Mitteldeutschland: Berufspendlerverflechtungen zwischen den Stadtregionen
Albrecht Kauffmann
Contribution to IWH Volume,
aus: Vernetzung, Kooperationen, Metropolregionen – Effekte für die wirtschaftliche Zukunft der Städte. Dokumentationen des „3rd Halle Forum on Urban Economic Growth“
2012
Abstract
Beitrag aus: Vernetzung, Kooperationen, Metropolregionen – Effekte für die wirtschaftliche Zukunft der Städte. Dokumentationen des „3rd Halle Forum on Urban Economic Growth“.
Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden Berufspendlerverflechtungen zwischen den Gemeinden der Länder Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt und Thüringen zur Ermittlung funktionaler Stadtregionen um die Kernstädte der Metropolregion Mitteldeutschland herangezogen. Anschließend werden die Pendlerströme zwischen diesen Stadtregionen ermittelt. Es erfolgt ein Vergleich der tatsächlichen mit den anhand eines doppelt beschränkten Gravitationsmodells ermittelten Pendlerströmen. Auch der mögliche Einfluss von Ländergrenzen auf die Pendlerverflechtungen wird im Gravitationsmodell untersucht. Es wird versucht, Schlüsse auf die Vernetzung in der polyzentrischen Region zu ziehen.
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Methods and Problems of Regional Economic Projections
Maike Irrek, Oliver Holtemöller
Flächennutzungsmonitoring IV. Genauere Daten – informierte Akteure – praktisches Handeln. IÖR-Schriften 60,
2012
Abstract
Regional economic projections are fundamental for political decision-making in several fields, including land use. Residential as well as commercial land use is affected by regional economic growth. This article describes the methodology and problems of regional economic projections using the example of a medium and long-term projection model for the economic development in Germany and the German states. The model utilizes the production function approach and updates the factors of production, labor and capital, as well as productivity via time series econometric methods. The results for Germany as a whole show that gross domestic product will continue increasing during the time period of 2011 to 2025 despite the demographically caused decline of hours worked. However, the varying forms of demographic change in the German states will lead to regional growth differentials. This is exemplified by a comparison between Saxony and Baden-Württemberg.
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A Federal Long-run Projection Model for Germany
Oliver Holtemöller, Maike Irrek, Birgit Schultz
IWH Discussion Papers,
No. 11,
2012
Abstract
Many economic decisions implicitly or explicitly rely on a projection of the medium- or long-term economic development of a country or region. In this paper, we provide a federal long-run projection model for Germany and the German states. The model fea-tures a top-down approach and, as major contribution, uses error correction models to estimate the regional economic development dependent on the national projection. For the medium- and long-term projection of economic activity, we apply a production function approach. We provide a detailed robustness analysis by systematically varying assumptions of the model. Additionally, we explore the effects of different demographic trends on economic development.
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Delineation of City Regions Based on Commuting Interrelations: The Example of Large Cities in Germany
Albrecht Kauffmann
IWH Discussion Papers,
No. 4,
2012
Abstract
The comparison of cities with regard to their economic or demographic development may yield misleading results, if solely the cities in their administrative borders are the object of consideration. Frequently, historical borders of cities neither conform to the contemporary settlement structures, nor do they consider the mutual dependencies between cities and parts of their hinterland. Therefore, it is often claimed to use city regions as objects of comparison or for the sake of urban planning. Commonly, the delineation of functional regions is based on commuting flows from the municipalities in the hinterland of the core cities directed to the cores. A municipality is regarded as belonging to a certain city region if the share of out-commuters from this municipality to the respective core in the total mass of those employees who reside in that municipality is the largest one, and if this share exceeds a certain threshold value. However, commuting flows in the opposite direction are not considered. The method presented here delineates city regions on the base of bidirectional commuting flows. Hereby, various modifications regarding the characteristics of the employment base, the possibility of overlaps of regions, the formation of polycentric city regions, and of the minimum threshold value of mutual connectivity are applied to the sample of 81 German cities with more than 100 000 inhabitants. Finally, the effects of different kinds of regionalisation on the coefficients of regional specialisation of these cities and city regions are demonstrated.
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Foreword: Competing: Important Stimuli for Knowledge Cities to Become Prosperous
Peter Franz
T. Yigitcanlar, K. Metaxiotis, J. Carrillo (eds), Building Prosperous Knowledge Cities. Policies, Plans and Metrics,
2012
Abstract
The author discusses the role of competitions in urban development strategies based on the cooperation of higher education institutions. The experience with similar strategies in regional policy and in innovation policy is reflected upon. After the presentation of some cases, the advantages and disadvantages of development strategies based on competitions are compared.
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Germany on the Way to Energy Efficiency in the Housing Sector: Subsidy Programs by the Federal Government and the Länder Level
Martin T. W. Rosenfeld
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 11,
2011
Abstract
In addition to the increasing rigidity of minimum requirements in regulative law, the federal government and the Länder provide a broad range of subsidy programs to force the refurbishment of those parts of a building, that determine the building’s energetic quality-level. In regard of energetic refurbishment quality, the federal government boosts investments, which exceed the minimum requirements of regulative law. Whereas the federal government – with exeption of different financing conditions of investors - applies equal funding requirements to all investors and building-types older than 15 years, the Länder focus their programs on specific regional housing market conditions. A further analysis concerning the influence of the subsidy environment on regional refurbishment output level should be topic of further research.
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