What Drives Innovation Output from Subsidized R&D Cooperation? — Project-level Evidence from Germany
Michael Schwartz, Michael Fritsch, Jutta Günther, François Peglow
Technovation,
No. 6,
2012
Abstract
Using a large dataset of 406 subsidized R&D cooperation projects, we provide detailed insights into the relationship between project characteristics and innovation output. Patent applications and publications are used as measures for the innovation output of an R&D project. We find that large-firm involvement is strongly positively related with the number of patent applications, but not with the number of publications. Conversely, university involvement has positive effects on projects’ innovation output in terms of the number of publications but not in terms of patent applications. In general, projects’ funding as measure of projects’ size is an important predictor of the innovation output of R&D cooperation projects. No significant effects are found for the number of partners as (an alternative) measure of projects’ size, for spatial proximity between cooperation partners, for the involvement of a public institute for applied research, and for prior cooperation experiences. We derive conclusions for the design of R&D cooperation support schemes.
Read article
Foreword: Competing: Important Stimuli for Knowledge Cities to Become Prosperous
Peter Franz
T. Yigitcanlar, K. Metaxiotis, J. Carrillo (eds), Building Prosperous Knowledge Cities. Policies, Plans and Metrics,
2012
Abstract
The author discusses the role of competitions in urban development strategies based on the cooperation of higher education institutions. The experience with similar strategies in regional policy and in innovation policy is reflected upon. After the presentation of some cases, the advantages and disadvantages of development strategies based on competitions are compared.
Read article
22.02.2012 • 5/2012
Industriestruktur: Top-Fünf-Gütergruppen sind in Ost- und Westdeutschland dieselben
In weniger als zwei Jahrzehnten nach der deutschen Vereinigung hat sich die Grobstruktur der in Ostdeutschland hergestellten Industriegüter deutlich an die Verhältnisse in Westdeutschland angenähert. Zu diesem Ergebnis kommt eine neue Studie des Instituts für Wirtschaftsforschung Halle (IWH). So bilden inzwischen in Ost- wie in Westdeutschland dieselben Gütergruppen die Top Fünf. Im Jahr 2005 machten sie in der Summe 61% der industriellen Güterproduktion in Ostdeutschland und 67% der industriellen Güterproduktion in Westdeutschland aus.
Central Bank, Trade Unions, and Reputation – Is there Room for an Expansionist Manoeuvre in the European Union?
Toralf Pusch, A. Heise
A. Heise (ed.), Market Constellation Research: A Modern Governance Approach to Macroeconomic Policy. Institutionelle und Sozial-Ökonomie, Bd. 19,
2011
Abstract
The objective of this reader is manifold: On the one hand, it intends to establish a new perspective at the policy level named 'market constellations': institutionally embedded systems of macroeconomic governance which are able to explain differences in growth and employment developments. At the polity level, the question raised is whether or not market constellations can be governed and, thus, whether institutions can be created which will provide the incentives necessary for favourable market constellations.
Read article
Editorial
Jutta Günther, Oliver Holtemöller
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 1,
2012
Abstract
Das IWH reformiert sich grundlegend. Seit Mitte Dezember 2011 leiten wir als Interimsvorstand das Institut, bis eine neue Präsidentin oder ein neuer Präsident im Amt ist. Reformen sind notwendig, um die wissenschaftliche Leistungsfähigkeit des Instituts zu steigern und dem IWH weiterhin eine bedeutende Stimme in der wissenschaftlich fundierten Politikberatung in Deutschland zu verleihen. Denn dafür gibt es viele gute Gründe. Wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Begleitforschung zur Transformation in Ostdeutschland und Mittelosteuropa zu leisten, darin bestand der Gründungsauftrag des IWH. Nach dem formalen Abschluss der Transformation hat das IWH sein Forschungsprogramm weiterentwickelt und erforscht heute die transformationsbedingten ökonomischen Besonderheiten, die es zu überwinden bzw. zu gestalten gilt, sowie den fortdauernden Prozess der ökonomischen Integration in Europa.
Read article
Effects of Fiscal Stimulus in Structural Models
Mathias Trabandt, Günter Coenen, Christopher J. Erceg, Charles Freedman, Davide Furceri, Michael Kumhof, René Lalonde, Douglas Laxton, Jesper Lindé, Annabelle Mourougane, Dirk Muir, Susanna Mursula, Carlos de Resende, John Roberts, Werner Roeger, Stephen Snudden, Jan in't Veld
American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics,
No. 1,
2012
Abstract
The paper subjects seven structural DSGE models, all used heavily by policymaking institutions, to discretionary fiscal stimulus shocks using seven different fiscal instruments, and compares the results to those of two prominent academic DSGE models. There is considerable agreement across models on both the absolute and relative sizes of different types of fiscal multipliers. The size of many multipliers is large, particularly for spending and targeted transfers. Fiscal policy is most effective if it has moderate persistence and if monetary policy is accommodative. Permanently higher spending or deficits imply significantly lower initial multipliers.
Read article
The Impact of Psychic Distance on Subsidiary Autonomy - Theory and Evidence from Central and Eastern European Countries
Gjalt de Jong, D. van Vo, Philipp Marek
Journal of International Management,
2012
Abstract
The key objective of this study is to determine whether or not psychic distance between home and host countries influences the decision-making autonomy of subsidiaries. Theoretical arguments for the relationship between psychic distance and subsidiary autonomy go in both directions with some predicting a negative relationship and others predicting a positive one. We test these conflicting hypotheses with a unique multi-country and multi-industry database reporting survey evidence of 809 subsidiaries located in five Central and Eastern European countries that serve headquarters in 44 different nation states. Psychic distance is a multidimensional construct and measured in terms of linguistic, religious, economic, institutional and geographic distance. The empirical results of 103 country pairs suggest that psychic distance – in terms of religious and economic distance – is positively related to autonomy.
Read article
20.12.2011 • 54/2011
IWH: Interimsvorstand offiziell im Amt
Wechsel an der Spitze des Instituts für Wirtschaftsforschung Halle (IWH): Der Vorstandsrat hat am 19.12.2011 den in der vergangenen Woche vollzogenen Amtsverzicht von Prof. Dr. Dr. h. c. Ulrich Blum bestätigt und die beiden IWH-Abteilungsleiter Dr. Jutta Günther und Prof. Dr. Oliver Holtemöller als Interimsvorstand eingesetzt. Ergänzt wird das neue Leitungsteam durch Dr. Tankred Schuhmann, der ab Januar 2012 zunächst für ein Jahr vom Leibniz-Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung IPK in Gatersleben abgeordnet wird und das IWH als neuer administrativer Leiter unterstützt.
Oliver Holtemöller
30.11.2011 • 50/2011
Multinationale Unternehmen in der Russischen Föderation: DFG fördert Forschungskooperation zwischen IWH und Higher School of Economics Moskau
Das Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung Halle (IWH) hat von der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) die Zusage zur Förderung einer wissenschaftlichen Kooperation mit der angesehenen Moskauer Higher School of Economics (HSE) erhalten. Durch die Zusammenarbeit mit einem Hochschulpartner in der wichtigsten osteuropäischen Volkswirtschaft baut das IWH seine Forschungskompetenz im Bereich der Transformationsökonomik aus. Das Kooperationsprojekt wird untersuchen, welche Faktoren für die Standortwahl multinationaler Unternehmen sowie den Technologietransfer in die Russische Föderation entscheidend sind.
Political Institutionalisation and Governance of the German Metropolitan Regions: A Comparative Study
Peter Franz
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 11,
2011
Abstract
In Germany, some cities and districts try to react to the challenges of global location competition by the constitution of metropolitan regions. Thus new forms of intermunicipal co-operation on a regional scale emerge. Within the context of a national policy for spatial development eleven such metropolitan regions have been defined in Germany, and local activities supporting their constitution were encouraged. In spite of differing results and success in the eleven regions this process of political institutionalisation has led to partially similar institutional forms. This study compares the institutionalisaton process in the German metropolitan regions with the help of an idealtype model of institutionalisation steps. In addition, the design of the comparative study also allows testing potential effects of intervening factors as the regions’ monocentricity / polycentricity and the existence of Laender borders in a region on cooperative success. The study comes to the result that so far only few metropolitan regions have reached the stage of advanced institutionalisation and co-operation. The diversity of the institutionalisation paths prevents a „best practice“ recommendation at the present state of knowledge. As the constitution process in the regions still proceeds in a highly dynamic way, this study should be repeated within a five years’ period.
Read article