Erhöhen Technologie- und Gründerzentren die Überlebenschancen von Unternehmen? Ergebnisse einer Kontrollgruppenstudie
Michael Schwartz
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
Nr. 7,
2010
Abstract
Technologie-, Gründer- oder Innovationszentren (TGZ) sind als Instrumente städtischer Technologieund Innovationsstrategien kaum mehr wegzudenken.
Das fundamentale Ziel einer Unternehmensförderung durch TGZ besteht darin, die Startschwierigkeiten junger Unternehmen zu kompensieren und sie langfristig lebensfähig zu machen. Bislang ist jedoch nicht geklärt, inwiefern TGZgeförderte Unternehmen tatsächlich langfristig höhere Überlebenschancen besitzen als nicht geförderte Unternehmen außerhalb der TGZ. Dieser Frage widmet sich das IWH in der aktuell laufenden IWH-TGZ-Kontrollgruppenstudie. Der vorliegende Artikel stellt erste Ergebnisse daraus vor. Die Studie berücksichtigt insgesamt 371 geförderte Unternehmen aus TGZ in den Städten Dresden, Halle (Saale), Jena, Neubrandenburg und Rostock. Diesen wird eine ebenso große Kontrollgruppe von Unternehmen gegenübergestellt, die nicht durch TGZ gefördert wurden, ansonsten den TGZUnternehmen aber in wesentlichen Merkmalen gleichen. Signifikant höhere Überlebenschancen geförderter Unternehmen gegenüber der jeweiligen Kontrollgruppe sind für keinen der fünf untersuchten Standorte nachweisbar. In drei von fünf Fällen besitzen die geförderten Unternehmen langfristig signifikant niedrigere Überlebenschancen gegenüber der Kontrollgruppe. Die Ergebnisse legen daher den Schluss nahe, dass es für Unternehmen der untersuchten Standorte für ihr Überleben unerheblich ist bzw. negative Auswirkungen hat, wenn sie eine Förderung durch TGZ erhalten haben.
Artikel Lesen
FDI and the National Innovation System - Evidence from Central and Eastern Europe
Jutta Günther, Björn Jindra, Johannes Stephan
D. Dyker (ed.), Network Dynamics in Emerging Regions of Europe, Imperial College Press,
2010
Abstract
The paper investigates strategic motives, technological activities and determinants of foreign investment enterprises’ embeddedness in post-transition economies (Eastern Germany and selected Central East European countries). The empirical study makes use of the IWH FDI micro database. Results of the descriptive analysis of investment motives show that market access dominates over efficiency seeking and other motives. The majority of investors are technologically active in the region as a whole, but countries differ in terms of performance. The probit model estimations show that firm specific characteristics, among them innovativeness and autonomy from parent company, are important determinants of foreign investment enterprises’ embeddedness.
Artikel Lesen
Still Divided by Transformation? Characteristic Features of the German Innovation System and the Barriers to Extending it to East Germany
Peter Franz
D. Dyker (ed.), Network Dynamics in Emerging Regions of Europe, Imperial College Press,
2010
Abstract
This paper concentrates on various factors preventing the establishment of an efficient regional innovation system in East Germany. For this purpose in the third section the strengths and weaknesses of the all German innovation system are elaborated by means of patent statistics. The fourth section describes the evolution of the East German innovation system after 1990, lists the most important supportive political measures, and discusses several reasons for deficits in innovative performance. The fifth section concludes and presents suggestions for political intervention.
Artikel Lesen
Mutual Perception of Science and Industry in Innovation Networks – Evidence from East Germany
Jutta Günther, Cornelia Lang
D. Dyker (ed.), Network Dynamics in Emerging Regions of Europe, Imperial College Press,
2010
Abstract
The paper examines how science and industry perceive each other. Cooperation in the field of innovation and research and development has increased in recent years. But comprehensive empirical research on the mutual perception of science and industry is lacking so far. The article presents the results of explorative research based on a number of qualitative interviews with representatives from science and industry on that topic. The interviews were carried out in the Central German Region which is a centre of manufacturing industry especially of chemicals. So the two selected industries are chemical industry (high-tech based) and food processing (low-tech based). The paper provides remarks on the German innovation system. The empirical section summarizes the interview reports. We found only little evidence of conflict of interests between market-oriented industry and science organisations. Cooperation exists and works. The key issue is trust.
Artikel Lesen
The Identification of Industrial Clusters – Methodical Aspects in a Multidimensional Framework for Cluster Identification
Mirko Titze, Matthias Brachert, Alexander Kubis
Abstract
We use a combination of measures of spatial concentration, qualitative input-output analysis and innovation interaction matrices to identify the horizontal and vertical dimension of industrial clusters in Saxony in 2005. We describe the spatial allocation of the industrial clusters and show possibilities of vertical interaction of clusters based on intermediate goods flows. With the help of region and sector-specific knowledge interaction matrices we are able to show that a sole focus on intermediate goods flows limits the identification of innovative actors in industrial clusters, as knowledge flows and intermediate goods flows do not show any major overlaps.
Artikel Lesen
Challenges for Future Regional Policy in East Germany. Does East Germany really show Characteristics of Mezzogiorno?
Mirko Titze
A. Kuklinski; E. Malak-Petlicka; P. Zuber (eds), Souther Italy – Eastern Germany – Eastern Poland. The Triple Mezzogiorno? Ministry of Regional Development,
2010
Abstract
Despite extensive government support the gap between East and West Germany has still not been successfully closed nearly 20 years post German unification. Hence, some economists tend to compare East Germany with Mezzogiorno – underdeveloped Southern Italy. East Germany is still subject to sever structural problems in comparison to West Germany: lower per capita income, lower productivity, higher unemployment rates, fewer firm headquarters and fewer innovation activities. There are East German regions with less than desirable rates of development. Nevertheless, the new federal states have shown some evidence of a convergence process. Some regions have developed very positively – they have improved their competitiveness and employment levels. As such, the comparison of East Germany with Mezzogiorno does not seem applicable today.
According to Neoclassical Growth Theory, regional policy is targeted enhancing investment (hereafter the notion ‘investment policy’ is used). has been the most important instrument in forcing the ‘reconstruction of the East’. Overall, the investment policy is seen as having been successful. It is not, however, the only factor influencing regional development – political policy makers noted in the mid 1990s that research and development (R&D) activities and regional concentrated production networks, amongst other factors, may also play a part. The investment policy instrument has therefore been adjusted. Nevertheless, it cannot be excluded that investment policy may fail in particular cases because it contains potentially conflicting targets. A ‘better road’ for future regional policy may lie in the support of regional production and innovation networks – the so-called industrial clusters. These clusters would need to be exactingly identified however to ensure effective and efficient cluster policies.
Artikel Lesen
Im Fokus: Technologie- und Gründerzentren – Spezialisierung nimmt zu!
Michael Schwartz, Christoph Hornych
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
Nr. 5,
2010
Abstract
Im Handlungsspektrum wirtschaftspolitischer Entscheidungsträger zugunsten technologie- und innovationsbasierter Wachstumsdynamik gelten Technologie- und Gründerzentren (TGZ) seit fast 30 Jahren vielfach als Herzstück urbaner Wirtschafts-und Innovationsstrategien in Deutschland.
Neben breit aufgestellten, in ihrer sektoralen und technologischen Ausrichtung eher diversifizierten TGZ werden zunehmend so genannte spezialisierte TGZ errichtet. Diese stimmen ihr Förderinstrumentarium auf die Unterstützung einer einzigen Branche bzw. weniger komplementärer Branchen (oder Technologien) ab.
Artikel Lesen
20.05.2010 • 29/2010
Technologie- und Gründerzentren – Spezialisierung nimmt zu!
Technologie- und Gründerzentren (TGZ) sind seit fast 30 Jahren ein wichtiger Bestandteil urbaner Wirtschafts- und Innovationsstrategien in Deutschland. Es handelt sich dabei um öffentlich geförderte Standortgemeinschaften zumeist junger Unternehmen. Wie eine Studie des Instituts für Wirtschaftsforschung Halle (IWH) zeigt, werden diese Zentren zunehmend mit einer expliziten Spezialisierung auf bestimmte, meist wissensintensive Branchen errichtet, vorrangig in der Biotechnologie. Von 413 bestehenden TGZ Anfang des Jahres 2010 ordneten die IWH-Forscher 94 als spezialisiert ein. Dies entspricht einem Anteil von knapp 23%. Nahezu die Hälfte (45%) aller seit der Jahrtausendwende neu errichteten Zentren weist eine Spezialisierung auf.
Christoph Hornych
Pressemitteilung herunterladen
Interactive Dynamic Capabilities and Regenerating the East German Innovation System
N. von Tunzelmann, Jutta Günther, Katja Wilde, Björn Jindra
Contributions to Political Economy,
2010
Abstract
The paper sets out a specification of capabilities and competencies derived from Sen’s work on consumer capabilities and welfare economics. This approach is one that proves remarkably easy to generalise, first to producer and supplier capabilities, and thence to interactive and dynamic capabilities. The approach is then applied via the consequential perspectives of regional systems of innovation and network alignment to the case of the efforts to regenerate the innovation system in East Germany since reunification. It is seen that this process can be divided into three periods, of which the most recent appears to meet some of the theoretical requirements for effective interactive capabilities. It is less clear that the criteria for dynamic capabilities—which involve considerations of speed-up and flexibility, to meet the market requirements in real time—have yet been taken sufficiently seriously.
Artikel Lesen
