The MCI as a monetary policy guide in a small, open and emerging market economy
Tobias Knedlik, Philippe Burger
Economic Working Paper Series,
2003
Abstract
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Recent Developments and Risks in the Euro Area Banking Sector
Reint E. Gropp, Jukka M. Vesala
ECB Monthly Bulletin,
2002
Abstract
This article provides an overview of euro area banks’ exposure to risk and examines the effects of the cyclical downturn in 2001. It describes the extent to which euro area banks’ risk profile has changed as a result of recent structural developments, such as an increase in investment banking, mergers, securitisation and more sophisticated risk management techniques. The article stresses that the environment in which banks operated in 2001 was fairly complex due to the relatively weak economic performance of all major economies as well as the events of 11 September in the United States. It evaluates the effects of these adverse circumstances on banks’ stability and overall performance. The article provides bank balance sheet information as well as financial market prices, arguing that the latter may be useful when assessing the soundness of the banking sector in a forward-looking manner. It concludes with a review of the overall stability of euro area banks, pointing to robustness in the face of the adverse developments in 2001 and the somewhat improved forward-looking indicators of banks’ financial strength in early 2002.
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The significance of FDI for innovation activities within domestic firms - The case of Central East European transition economies
Jutta Günther
IWH Discussion Papers,
Nr. 162,
2002
Abstract
Ausländischen Direktinvestitionen wird in den mittelosteuropäischen Ländern eine wesentliche Rolle als Multiplikator modernen Produktions- und Management-Knowhows zugeschrieben. Die sogenannten Technologie-Spillovers werden in der Theorie auf Externalitäten bzw. Extra-market-linkages erklärt. In der Praxis kommen sie über Demonstrationseffekte, Arbeitskräftemobilität, Zuliefererkontakte, Kundenkontakte oder Netzwerkaktivitäten zustande. Die empirische Untersuchung am Beispiel der ungarischen Industrie zeigt jedoch, dass ausländische und einheimische Unternehmen vor allem aufgrund der hohen technologischen Entwicklungsunterschiede weitgehend getrennte Sphären innerhalb des Industriesektors bilden. Daher kommen Technologie- Spillover als innovationsförderndes Instrument einheimischer Unternehmen kaum zustande.
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Are the Central and Eastern European Transition Countries still vulnerable to an Financial Crisis? Results from the Signals Approach
Axel Brüggemann, Thomas Linne
IWH Discussion Papers,
Nr. 157,
2002
Abstract
The aim of the paper is to analyse the vulnerability of the Central and Eastern European accession countries to the EU as well as that of Turkey and Russia to a financial crisis. Our methodology is an extension of the signals approach. We develop a composite indicator to measure the evolution of the risk potential in each country. Our findings show that crises in Central and Eastern Europe are caused by much the usual suspects as in others emerging markets. In particular an overvalued exchange rate, weak exports and dwindling currency reserves have good predictive power for assessing crisis vulnerabilities.
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Intra-industry trade between European Union and Transition Economies. Does income distribution matter?
Hubert Gabrisch, Maria Luigia Segnana
IWH Discussion Papers,
Nr. 155,
2002
Abstract
EU-TE trade is increasingly characterised by intra-industry trade. For some countries (Czech Republic), the share of intra-industry trade in total trade with the EU approaches 60 percent. The decomposition of intra-industry trade into horizontal and vertical shares reveals overwhelming vertical structures with strong quality advantages for the EU and shrinking quality advantages for TE countries wherever trade has been liberalised. Empirical research on factors determining this structure in an EU-TE framework has lagged theoretical and empirical research on horizontal trade and vertical trade in other regions of the world. The main objective of this paper is, therefore, to contribute to the ongoing debate over EU-TE trade structures, by offering an explanation of intra-industry trade. We utilize a cross-country approach in which relative wage differences and country size play a leading role. In addition, as implied by a model of the productquality
cycle, we examine income distribution factors as determinates of the emerging
EU-TE structure of trade flows. Using OLS regressions, we find first, that relative
differences in wages (per capita income) and country size explain intra-industry trade, when trade is vertical and completely liberalized and second, that cross country differences in income distribution play no explanatory role. We conclude that if increasing wage differences resulted from an increasing productivity gap between highquality and low-quality industries, then vertical structures will, over the long-term create significant barriers for the increase in TE incomes and lowering EU-TE income differentials.
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Trade Structure and Trade Liberalization: The emerging pattern between the EU and Transition Economies
Hubert Gabrisch, Maria Luigia Segnana
MOCT-MOST 11,
2001
Abstract
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Transition from Planned to Market Economies Ten Years on
Jens Hölscher, Johannes Stephan
Journal for East European Management Studies (JEEMS),
Nr. 1,
2000
Abstract
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Transition from Planned to Market Economies Ten Years on
Jens Hölscher, Johannes Stephan
Osteuropa-Wirtschaft,
Nr. 2,
2000
Abstract
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Revenue Implications of Trade Liberalization
L. Ebrill, Reint E. Gropp, J. Stotsky
IMF Occasional Papers, No. 180,
Nr. 180,
1999
Abstract
In recent decades many countries have dismantled trade barriers and opened their economies to international competition. Trade liberalization is seen to promote economic efficiency, international competitiveness, and an expansion of trade, perhaps especially in imperfectly competitive markets. Yet despite this progress in trade liberalization, as evidenced by the conclusion of the Uruguay Round in 1994 and the establishment of the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 1995, trade barriers are still widespread. Some economies and some sectors (e.g., agriculture in many industrial countries) remain relatively insulated from the global economy by a variety of nontariff and tariff barriers, even as import substitution continues to lose ground as a strategy for economic development.
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Trade structure and trade liberalization. The emerging pattern between the EU and Transition Economies
Hubert Gabrisch, Maria Luigia Segnana
IWH Discussion Papers,
Nr. 108,
1999
Abstract
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