Smuggling Illegal versus Legal Goods across the U.S.-Mexico Border: A Structural Equations Model Approach
A. Buehn, Stefan Eichler
Southern Economic Journal,
Nr. 2,
2009
Abstract
We study the smuggling of illegal and legal goods across the U.S.-Mexico border from 1975 to 2004. Using a Multiple Indicators Multiple Causes (MIMIC) model we test the microeconomic determinants of both smuggling types and reveal their trends. We find that illegal goods smuggling decreased from $116 billion in 1984 to $27 billion in 2004 as a result of improved labor market conditions in Mexico and intensified U.S. border enforcement. Smuggling legal goods is motivated by tax and tariff evasion. While export misinvoicing fluctuated at low levels, import misinvoicing switched from underinvoicing to overinvoicing after Mexico's accession to the GATT and the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) induced lower tariffs.
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Slippery Slopes of Stress: Ordered Failure Events in German Banking
Thomas Kick, Michael Koetter
Journal of Financial Stability,
Nr. 2,
2007
Abstract
Outright bank failures without prior indication of financial instability are very rare. In fact, banks can be regarded as troubled to varying degrees before outright closure. But failure studies usually neglect the ordinal nature of bank distress. We distinguish four different kinds of increasingly severe events on the basis of the distress database of the Deutsche Bundesbank. Only the worst distress event entails a bank to exit the market. Since the four categories of hazard functions are not proportional, we specify a generalized ordered logit model to estimate respective probabilities of distress simultaneously. We find that the likelihood of ordered distress events changes differently in response to given changes in the financial profiles of banks. Consequently, bank failure studies should account more explicitly for the different shades of distress. This allows an assessment of the relative importance of financial profile components for different degrees of bank distress.
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Network Investment and the Threat of Regulation – Preventing Monopoly Exploitation or Infrastructure Construction?
Ulrich Blum, Christian Growitsch, Niels Krap
IWH-Diskussionspapiere,
Nr. 7,
2006
Abstract
In summer 2005, the German telecommunication incumbent Deutsche Telekom announced its plans to build a new broadband fibre optics network. Deutsche Telekom decided as precondition for this new network not to be regulated with respect to pricing and third party access. To develop a regulator's strategy that allows investments and prevents monopolistic prices at the same time, we model an incumbent's decision problem under a threat of regulation in a game-theoretical context. The decision whether to invest or not depends on the probability of regulation and its assumed impact on investment returns. Depending on the incumbent's expectation on these parameters, he will decide if the investment is favourable, and which price to best set. This price is below a non-regulated profit maximising price, since the incumbent tries to circumvent regulation. Thus, we show that the mere threat of a regulator's intervention might prevent supernormal profits without actual price regulation. The regulator, on the other hand, can influence both investment decision and the incumbent's price via his signals on regulation probability and price. These signals an be considered optimal, if they simultaneously allow investment and minimize the incumbent's price.
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Nichtinanspruchnahme von Sozialhilfe - Eine empirische Analyse des Unerwarteten
Joachim Wilde, Alexander Kubis
Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik,
Nr. 3,
2005
Abstract
Bisherige Studien für Gesamtdeutschland haben ermittelt, dass mehr als die Hälfte der Haushalte, die zum Bezug von Sozialhilfe berechtigt sind, diesen Anspruch nicht geltend machen. Dies widerspricht der Intuition. Das Ziel unserer Studie ist deshalb zum einen, mit Hilfe des Niedrigeinkommens-Panels eine präzisere Simulation der Anspruchsberechtigung und damit der Quote der Nichtinanspruchnahme vorzunehmen als dies bisher möglich war. Zum anderen sollen die Ursachen der Nichtinanspruchnahme in einem multiplen ökonometrischen Modell untersucht werden. Wir zeigen, dass die bisherigen Messfehler nur einen kleinen Teil der ermittelten Quoten erklären. Signifikante Ursachen für die verbleibende Quote von rund 43% sind eine geringe Höhe der Ansprüche, die Kosten der Sozialhilfe in Form von Stigmatisierung sowie Erwartungen über eine eher kurzfristige Dauer des finanziellen Engpasses. Außerdem weisen wir erstmalig eine signifikante simultane Beziehung zwischen der Höhe des Erwerbseinkommens und der Neigung zur Inanspruchnahme von Sozialhilfe nach, wobei das Vorzeichen in beiden Richtungen negativ ist.
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Estimating multiple equation hybrid models with endogenous dummy regressors
Joachim Wilde
Statistica Neerlandica,
Nr. 58,
2004
Abstract
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The Distance Puzzle: On the Interpretation of the Distance Coefficient in Gravity Equations
Claudia M. Buch, J. Kleinert, Farid Toubal
Economics Letters,
Nr. 3,
2004
Abstract
Although globalization has diminished the importance of distance, empirical gravity models find little change in distance coefficients. We argue that changing distance costs are largely reflected in the constant term. A proportional fall in distance costs is consistent with constant distance coefficients.
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A macroeconometric model for the Euro economy
Christian Dreger
IWH-Diskussionspapiere,
Nr. 181,
2003
Abstract
In this paper a structural macroeconometric model for the Eurozone is presented. In opposite to the multi country modelling approach, the model relies on aggregate data on the supra-national level. Due to nonstationarity, all equations are estimated in an error correction form. The cointegrating relations are derived jointly with the short-run dynamics, avoiding the finite sample bias of the two step Engle Granger procedure. The validity of the aggregated approach is confirmed by out-of-sample forecasts and two simulation exercises. In particular the implications of a lower economic recovery in the US and a shock in the nominal Euro area interest rate are discussed.
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Simultaneity in multiple equation hybrid models with endogenous dummy regressors
Joachim Wilde
Allgemeines Statistisches Archiv,
Nr. 2,
2001
Abstract
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Identification of multiple equation probit models with endogenous dummy regressors
Joachim Wilde
Economics Letters,
Nr. 69,
2000
Abstract
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