We examine how banks manage carbon transition risk by selling loans given to polluting borrowers to less regulated shadow banks in securitization markets. Exploiting the election of Donald Trump as an exogenous shock that reduces carbon transition risk, we find that banks engage in regulatory arbitrage and use brown loan securitization to manage their exposure to carbon transition risk. Banks are more likely to securitize brown loans when carbon transition risk is high but keep these loans on their balance sheets when the risk is reduced. In addition, securitization enables banks to offer lower interest rates to polluting borrowers but does not affect the supply of green loans. Our findings are more pronounced among banks with low levels of capitalization, domestic banks, and banks that do not display green lending preferences. We discuss how securitization can weaken the effectiveness of bank climate policies.

We examine the survival prospects, employment profiles, and patient outcomes at private equity (PE)-acquired hospitals. Target hospitals maintain their survival rates while significantly reducing employment and wage expenditures. The number of core medical workers drops temporarily, but returns to its pre-acquisition level in the long run. However, administrative job and wage cuts persist over the long term, particularly at previously nonprofit hospitals. Using proprietary insurance claims data, we find no significant changes in patient demographics or inpatient prices at PE-acquired hospitals. While patient satisfaction declines, there is no evidence of increased patient mortality or readmission rates at PE-acquired hospitals.

In this study, establishment-level employment effects of investment grants in Germany are estimated. In addition to the quantitative effects, I provide empirical evidence of funding effects on different aspects of employment quality (earnings, qualifications, and job security) for the period 2004 to 2020. The database combines project-level treatment data, establishment-level information on firm characteristics and employee structure, and regional information at the district-level. For the estimations, I combine the difference-in-differences approach of Callaway and Sant’Anna (2021) with ties matching at the cohort level. The estimations yield positive effects on the number of employees, but point to contradicting effects of investment grants on different aspects of employment quality.

We study the aggregate, distributional, and welfare effects of fiscal policy responses to Germany’s energy crisis arising in 2022 using a novel ten-agent New Keynesian (TENK) model. The crisis, compounded by the COVID-19 pandemic, led to sharp price increases and significant consumption disparities. Our model, calibrated to Germany’s income and consumption distribution, evaluates key policy interventions. We find that non-targeted transfers had the largest short-term aggregate impact, while targeted transfers for lower income households were more cost-effective. The energy cost brake and reductions in gas and oil taxes have shown very little effect, but were comparatively cost-effective under the assumption of exogenous prices. Our results highlight how targeted fiscal measures can address distributional effects and stabilize consumption during crises.

We study the effects of place-based policies on aggregate productivity using administrative data on projects co-financed by the EU in Italy linked to balance sheet data. We exploit quasi-experimental variation in funding for a large place-based policy stemming from measurement error in regional GDP estimates. Results show that the policy likely decreases productivity. Decompositions reveal that aggregate declines are driven by reallocation of labor to low-productivity firms. Mechanism analysis using firm-level event studies reveals that negative reallocation effects are caused by high-productivity firms taking up the funds and subsequently becoming more liquidity constrained, leading to slowdowns in employment growth.

We exploit an information shock related to the German Supply Chain Due Diligence Act and use detailed customs data to analyze how smaller, non-listed firms respond when expecting accountability for externalities beyond their organizational boundaries. Product-level regressions reveal a substantial reduction in imports from high ESG-risk production sectors. Adjustments occur mainly at the extensive margin, indicating that firms cut ties with high-risk suppliers. The product-level results translate into meaningful changes in overall international procurement for firms with Big Four auditors. Our findings suggest potential limits to mandates requiring firms to integrate broad sustainability considerations into operational decisions.

In einer deutschen Kohleausstiegsregion, der brandenburgischen Lausitz, findet ein politisches Experiment statt: die strategische Entwicklung einer kleinen, ländlichen Randregion durch außergewöhnlich hohe Investitionen in Forschung und Entwicklung sowie Wissenschaft. Für die brandenburgische Lausitz sind bis 2038 rund 6 Mrd. Euro an öffentlichen Mitteln für Investitionen in Hochschulen, außeruniversitäre Forschungseinrichtungen und einen Wissenschaftspark bewilligt worden. Es wird sich zeigen, ob die Lausitz eine Blaupause für den wissenschaftsgetriebenen Strukturwandel wird.

Rund 6 Milliarden Euro der Mittel für den Strukturwandel in der Lausitz werden bis 2038 in den Bereich Wissenschaft investiert. Wenngleich das Investitionsgesetz Kohlegebiete (InvKG) einen eindeutigen Schwerpunkt im Bereich Wissenschaft setzt und dies nicht nur in der Lausitz ist Wissenschaft im Kontext des Strukturwandels der Lausitz kein Selbstzweck, sondern Mittel zum Zweck, nämlich der wirtschaftlichen Entwicklung der Region. Es gibt gute Gründe für die Annahme, dass die Entwicklung in der Lausitz einen positiveren Verlauf nehmen könnte als in anderen Regionen der EU. Allerdings, das gewünschte Ergebnis wird sich nicht von allein einstellen, sobald den Akteuren die finanziellen Mittel zur Verfügung gestellt werden.

Die aktualisierte Bilanz der geschaffenen Arbeitsplätze zeigt, dass bislang – flankiert durch Strukturwandelmaßnahmen – mehr Arbeitsplätze neu geschaffen als abgebaut wurden. Sofern keine äußeren Einflüsse wie weltweite Wirtschaftskrisen oder Kriege alle Prognosen durchkreuzen, hat die brandenburgische Lausitz eine gute wirtschaftliche Perspektive. Teile der brandenburgischen Lausitz haben darüber hinaus die Chance auf eine aufholende wirtschaftliche Entwicklung, die den gesamtdeutschen Durchschnitt übersteigt.

Bis 2038 werden im Rahmen des Strukturwandels in der brandenburgischen Lausitz ca. 6 Milliarden Euro für Wissenschaft ausgegeben. Räumlich konzentrieren sich die Ausgaben auf Cottbus/Chóśebuz. In ausgewählten Themenfeldern wie beispielsweise der Gesundheitssystemforschung oder dem Thema Energie bilden sich neue große Forschungseinrichtungen, die kritische Massen darstellen können. Eine große Herausforderung ist die Verzahnung von Projekten, die über verschiedene Förderlinien gefördert werden.