Do We Need New Modelling Approaches in Macroeconomics?
Claudia M. Buch, Oliver Holtemöller
Financial Cycles and the Real Economy: Lessons for CESEE Countries,
2014
Abstract
The economic and financial crisis that emerged in 2008 also initiated an intense discussion on macroeconomic research and the role of economists in society. The debate focuses on three main issues. Firstly, it is argued that economists failed to predict the crisis and to design early warning systems. Secondly, it is claimed that economists use models of the macroeconomy which fail to integrate financial markets and which are inadequate to model large economic crises. Thirdly, the issue has been raised that economists invoke unrealistic assumptions concerning human behaviour by assuming that all agents are self-centred, rationally optimizing individuals. In this paper, we focus on the first two issues. Overall, our thrust is that the above statements are a caricature of modern economic theory and empirics. A rich field of research developed already before the crisis and picked up shortcomings of previous models.
Artikel Lesen
Kommentar: Warum ist die Wirtschaftsleistung je Einwohner in allen ostdeutschen Ländern ähnlich hoch?
Axel Lindner
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
Nr. 4,
2014
Abstract
Das IWH veröffentlicht jeden Sommer eine Prognose für Ostdeutschland. Immer häufiger fragen Journalisten, ob nicht die Entwicklung in dem einen oder anderen Bundesland anders ausfallen müsste als im Osten insgesamt. Ist Sachsen nicht wirtschaftlich ein Musterknabe, und hinkt Mecklenburg-Vorpommern nicht oft hinterher? Der empirische Befund ist ein anderer: Trotz aller Unterschiede scheinen sich die Länder in ihrer wirtschaftlichen Leistungsfähigkeit eher anzugleichen. Wies im Jahr 1991 der Spitzenreiter in Ostdeutschland, das Land Brandenburg, noch ein um 18% höheres Bruttoinlandsprodukt je Einwohner auf als das damalige Schlusslicht (Thüringen), beträgt die Differenz gegenwärtig nur noch 6%; der Spitzenreiter ist jetzt tatsächlich Sachsen, und das Schlusslicht ist Mecklenburg-Vorpommern.
Artikel Lesen
Do We Need New Modelling Approaches in Macroeconomics?
Claudia M. Buch, Oliver Holtemöller
IWH Discussion Papers,
Nr. 8,
2014
Abstract
The economic and financial crisis that emerged in 2008 also initiated an intense discussion on macroeconomic research and the role of economists in society. The debate focuses on three main issues. Firstly, it is argued that economists failed to predict the crisis and to design early warning systems. Secondly, it is claimed that economists use models of the macroeconomy which fail to integrate financial markets and which are inadequate to model large economic crises. Thirdly, the issue has been raised that economists invoke unrealistic assumptions concerning human behaviour by assuming that all agents are self-centred, rationally optimizing individuals. In this paper, we focus on the first two issues. Overall, our thrust is that the above statements are a caricature of modern economic theory and empirics. A rich field of research developed already before the crisis and picked up shortcomings of previous models.
Artikel Lesen
Glaskugel Prognose – Warum werden ökonomische Prognosen nicht besser?
Oliver Holtemöller
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
Nr. 2,
2014
Abstract
Während Prognosefehler bei kurzfristigen Wetterprognosen in den vergangenen Jahrzehnten deutlich reduziert werden konnten, hat sich der durchschnittliche absolute Prognosefehler ökonomischer Prognosen für die jährliche Veränderung des Bruttoinlandsprodukts in den vergangenen 45 Jahren kaum geändert. Dies liegt vor allem daran, dass sowohl in Bezug auf die tatsächlichen ökonomischen Wirkungszusammenhänge als auch in Bezug auf die relevanten zukünftigen ökonomischen Schocks eine fundamentale Unsicherheit besteht, die auch mit besseren Methoden und mehr Daten grundsätzlich nicht aufgehoben werden kann. Die Prognosen der Wirtschaftsforschungsinstitute sind allerdings unverzerrt und stellen daher eine solide Grundlage für die wirtschaftspolitische Planung dar. Trotz ihrer Unvollkommenheit sind wissenschaftlich fundierte Prognosen eine wichtige Grundlage rationaler Wirtschaftspolitik.
Artikel Lesen
Outperforming IMF Forecasts by the Use of Leading Indicators
Katja Drechsel, Sebastian Giesen, Axel Lindner
IWH Discussion Papers,
Nr. 4,
2014
Abstract
This study analyzes the performance of the IMF World Economic Outlook forecasts for world output and the aggregates of both the advanced economies and the emerging and developing economies. With a focus on the forecast for the current and the next year, we examine whether IMF forecasts can be improved by using leading indicators with monthly updates. Using a real-time dataset for GDP and for the indicators we find that some simple single-indicator forecasts on the basis of data that are available at higher frequency can significantly outperform the IMF forecasts if the publication of the Outlook is only a few months old.
Artikel Lesen
An Options-based Approach to Forecast Competing Bids: Evidence for Canadian Takeover Battles
Stefan Eichler, Dominik Maltritz
Applied Economics,
Nr. 34,
2013
Abstract
During takeover battles, a tender offer provides a call option right to the target’s shareholders: it guarantees the offered price but maintains the chance of a higher offer. We present an options-based approach to estimate the probability and expected value of higher competing takeover bids using target stock price data. Analysing Canadian takeover battles in the period 1997 to 2007 we find that during the 5 trading days prior to the occurrence of an increased takeover bid, the estimated probability of a higher bid exceeds 80% on average and the expected value of a potential competing bid almost matches the realized value.
Artikel Lesen
Datenrevision der amtlichen Statistik – ärgerlich, aber wohl unausweichlich
Udo Ludwig
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
Nr. 2,
2013
Abstract
Mit der aktuellen Veröffentlichung zum Wachstum des Bruttoinlandsproduktes in den deutschen Bundesländern im Jahr 2012 hat der Arbeitskreis „Volkswirtschaftliche Gesamtrechnungen der Länder“ zum Teil erhebliche Korrekturen der Berechnungen für die Jahre 2010 und 2011 gemeldet. Das Niveau der Produktion in den einzelnen ostdeutschen Flächenländern wurde für die beiden Jahre (mit Ausnahme von Sachsen-Anhalt für 2011) jeweils um rund 1% bis 3% angehoben. In der Folge wird ein stärkeres Wachstum unmittelbar nach dem Krisenjahr 2009, aber ein Abbremsen im darauffolgenden Jahr ausgewiesen. Besonders hart traf dies das Wachstumsprofil der Wirtschaft in Sachsen-Anhalt, in dem im Lichte der neuen Daten auf ein starkes Wachstumsjahr 2010 eine Stagnation im Jahr 2011 folgt. Die vorläufigen Daten hatten für 2011 ein Wachstum von 2,4% ausgewiesen.
Artikel Lesen
Bottom-up or Direct? Forecasting German GDP in a Data-rich Environment
Katja Drechsel, Rolf Scheufele
Abstract
This paper presents a method to conduct early estimates of GDP growth in Germany. We employ MIDAS regressions to circumvent the mixed frequency problem and use pooling techniques to summarize efficiently the information content of the various indicators. More specifically, we investigate whether it is better to disaggregate GDP (either via total value added of each sector or by the expenditure side) or whether a direct approach is more appropriate when it comes to forecasting GDP growth. Our approach combines a large set of monthly and quarterly coincident and leading indicators and takes into account the respective publication delay. In a simulated out-of-sample experiment we evaluate the different modelling strategies conditional on the given state of information and depending on the model averaging technique. The proposed approach is computationally simple and can be easily implemented as a nowcasting tool. Finally, this method also allows retracing the driving forces of the forecast and hence enables the interpretability of the forecast outcome.
Artikel Lesen
The ADR Shadow Exchange Rate as an Early Warning Indicator for Currency Crises
Stefan Eichler, Alexander Karmann, Dominik Maltritz
Journal of Banking and Finance,
Nr. 11,
2009
Abstract
We develop an indicator for currency crisis risk using price spreads between American Depositary Receipts (ADRs) and their underlyings. This risk measure represents the mean exchange rate ADR investors expect after a potential currency crisis or realignment. It makes crisis prediction possible on a daily basis as depreciation expectations are reflected in ADR market prices. Using daily data, we analyze the impact of several risk drivers related to standard currency crisis theories and find that ADR investors perceive higher currency crisis risk when export commodity prices fall, trading partners’ currencies depreciate, sovereign yield spreads increase, or interest rate spreads widen.
Artikel Lesen
Three methods of forecasting currency crises: Which made the run in signaling the South African currency crisis of June 2006?
Tobias Knedlik, Rolf Scheufele
IWH Discussion Papers,
Nr. 17,
2007
Abstract
In this paper we test the ability of three of the most popular methods to forecast the South African currency crisis of June 2006. In particular we are interested in the out-ofsample performance of these methods. Thus, we choose the latest crisis to conduct an out-of-sample experiment. In sum, the signals approach was not able to forecast the outof- sample crisis of correctly; the probit approach was able to predict the crisis but just with models, that were based on raw data. Employing a Markov-regime-switching approach also allows to predict the out-of-sample crisis. The answer to the question of which method made the run in forecasting the June 2006 currency crisis is: the Markovswitching approach, since it called most of the pre-crisis periods correctly. However, the “victory” is not straightforward. In-sample, the probit models perform remarkably well and it is also able to detect, at least to some extent, out-of-sample currency crises before their occurrence. It can, therefore, not be recommended to focus on one approach only when evaluating the risk for currency crises.
Artikel Lesen