Devaluation Expectations Based on Cross-listed Stocks: Evidence for Financial Crises in Argentina Then and Now
Stefan Eichler
Applied Economics Letters,
Nr. 10,
2014
Abstract
I use the relative prices of American Depositary Receipts and their underlying stocks to derive devaluation expectations. I find that stockholders currently perceive an overvalued peso. Devaluation expectations are driven by the incentive of competitive devaluation and sovereign default risk.
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Vierteljährliche Konjunkturberichterstattung für das Land Sachsen-Anhalt - Die gesamtwirtschaftliche Lage im 4. Quartal 2013 -
Brigitte Loose, Hans-Ulrich Brautzsch, Franziska Exß
IWH Online,
Nr. 3,
2014
Abstract
Die wirtschaftliche Dynamik ist in Sachsen-Anhalt nach der kräftigen Expansion im Sommerhalbjahr 2013 am Jahresende deutlich hinter der Entwicklung in Deutschland zurückgeblieben. Das preisbereinigte Bruttoinlandsprodukt in Sachsen-Anhalt hat im vierten Quartal nach den indikatorgestützten Schätzungen um 0,6% abgenommen, während es in Deutschland um 0,5% stieg und in Ostdeutschland wohl in etwa stagniert haben dürfte. Auch im Vorjahresvergleich hat sich die Wirtschaft in Sachsen-Anhalt schwächer entwickelt als in Deutschland insgesamt. Die gesamtwirtschaftliche Produktion stagnierte gegenüber dem vierten Quartal 2012, in Deutschland insgesamt nahm sie dagegen um 1,3% zu. Insbesondere im Verarbeitenden Gewerbe schwächte sich die Bruttowertschöpfung nach der starken Ausweitung im Sommer zuletzt deutlich ab, während es in Deutschland vor allem aufgrund der Impulse aus dem Ausland und einer anziehenden Investitionskonjunktur einen erheblichen Auftrieb erhalten hatte. Die sich kräftigende Weltkonjunktur hat wieder verstärkte Warenausfuhren nach sich gezogen; und bei zunehmender Kapazitätsauslastung begannen die Unternehmen wieder stärker zu investieren. Von dieser Aufhellung konnte das Verarbeitende Gewerbe in Sachsen-Anhalt offensichtlich nur wenig profitieren. Einen belastenden Faktor für die Ausfuhren in Länder außerhalb der Währungsunion stellten der Wechselkurs und die damit verbundene Verschlechterung der preislichen Wettbewerbsfähigkeit Deutschlands dar.
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Fiscal Equalization, Tax Salience, and Tax Competition
Martin Altemeyer-Bartscher
IWH Discussion Papers,
Nr. 3,
2014
Abstract
Jurisdictions that engage in inter-regional tax competition usually try to attenuate competitive pressures by substituting salient tax instruments with hidden ones. On this effect, we investigate the efficiency consequences of inter-regional tax competition and fiscal equalization in a federal system when taxpayers fail to optimally react on shrouded attributes of local tax policy. If the statuary tax rate is a relatively salient instrument and taxpayers pay low attention to the quality and the frequency of tax enforcement, the underlying substitution of tax instruments with the aim of reducing the perceived tax price may suppress the under-exploitation of tax bases that is typically triggered by fiscal equalization.
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Actors and Interactions – Identifying the Role of Industrial Clusters for Regional Production and Knowledge Generation Activities
Mirko Titze, Matthias Brachert, Alexander Kubis
Growth and Change,
Nr. 2,
2014
Abstract
This paper contributes to the empirical literature on systematic methodologies for the identification of industrial clusters. It combines a measure of spatial concentration, qualitative input–output analysis, and a knowledge interaction matrix to identify the production and knowledge generation activities of industrial clusters in the Federal State of Saxony in Germany. It describes the spatial allocation of the industrial clusters, identifies potentials for value chain industry clusters, and relates the production activities to the activities of knowledge generation in Saxony. It finds only a small overlap in the production activities of industrial clusters and general knowledge generation activities in the region, mainly driven by the high-tech industrial cluster in the semiconductor industry. Furthermore, the approach makes clear that a sole focus on production activities for industrial cluster analysis limits the identification of innovative actors.
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Technological Activities in CEE Countries: A Patent Analysis for the Period 1980-2009
Iciar Dominguez Lacasa, Alexander Giebler
IWH Discussion Papers,
Nr. 2,
2014
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to analyze the technological activities of Central and Eastern European (CEE) economies and to compare them with the technological activities of other world regions. Using data from the EPO World Wide Statistical Database for the period 1980-2009 the analysis is based on counts of priority patent applications over time. In terms of priority patent applications, CEE reduced its technological activities drastically in absolute and per capita terms after 1990. The level of priority patent applications in this world region maintained more recently a stable level below the performance of EU15, South EU and the former USSR. In what concerns technological specialization, the results suggest a division of labor in technological activities among world regions where Europe, Latin America and the former USSR are mainly specializing in sectors losing technological dynamism in the global patent activities (Chemicals and/or Mechanical Engineering) while North America, the Middle East (especially Israel) and Asia Pacific are increasingly specializing in Electrical Engineering, a sector with strong technological opportunities.
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Zur wirtschaftlichen Lage Ostdeutschlands 25 Jahre nach dem Mauerfall
Oliver Holtemöller
TOP Magazin Halle,
Nr. 4,
2014
Abstract
Wanderten in den vergangenen 25 Jahren zahlreiche Menschen aus Ostdeutschland ab, so ist dieser Trend per saldo jüngst zum Erliegen gekommen. Dies hat auch damit zu tun, dass sich die Arbeitsmarktperspektiven verbessert haben. Die durchschnittlichen Bruttomonatsverdienste der Vollzeitbeschäftigten liegen in Ostdeutschland jedoch erst bei etwa 70 Prozent der Verdienste im Westen. Die wirtschaftlichen Möglichkeiten der Menschen in Ostdeutschland liegen aber viel näher am westdeutschen Niveau. So betragen die verfügbaren Einkommen im Osten immerhin 84 Prozent in Relation zum Westen. Berücksichtigt man noch Unterschiede der Preisniveaus, so kommt man auf ein reales Konsumniveau im Osten, das bei etwa 90 Prozent des Westniveaus liegt. Nach dem amerikanischen Bürgerkrieg war die Lücke zwischen der Produktion je Einwohner in den Nord- und den Südstaaten etwa so groß wie vor 25 Jahren zwischen Ost- und Westdeutschland; in den USA hat es aber 100 Jahre gedauert, bis sich die Lücke bis auf 10 Prozent geschlossen hatte. Auch verglichen mit anderen Transformationsländern wie beispielsweise Tschechien oder Polen ist der Aufholprozess Ostdeutschland deutlich weiter.
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Should I Stay or Should I Go? Bank Productivity and Internationalization Decisions
Claudia M. Buch, C. T. Koch, Michael Koetter
Journal of Banking and Finance,
Nr. 42,
2014
Abstract
Differences in firm-level productivity explain international activities of non-financial firms quite well. We test whether differences in bank productivity determine international activities of banks. Based on a dataset that allows tracking banks across countries and across different modes of foreign entry, we model the ordered probability of maintaining a commercial presence abroad and the volume of banks’ international assets empirically. Our research has three main findings. First, more productive banks are more likely to enter foreign markets in increasingly complex modes. Second, more productive banks also hold larger volumes of foreign assets. Third, higher risk aversion renders entry less likely, but it increases the volume of foreign activities conditional upon entry.
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The Development of Cities and Municipalities in Central and Eastern Europe: Introduction for a Special Issue of 'Urban Research and Practice'
Martin T. W. Rosenfeld, Albrecht Kauffmann
Urban Research & Practice, Vol. 7 (3),
Nr. 3,
2014
Abstract
Since the 1990s, local governments in Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries have been confronted by completely new structures and developments. This came after more than 40 years (or even longer in the case of the former Soviet Union) under a socialist regime and behind an iron curtain which isolated them from the non-socialist world. A lack of resources had led to an underinvestment in the refurbishment of older buildings, while relatively cheap ‘prefabricated’ housing had been built, not only in the outskirts of cities, but also within city centres. A lack of resources had also resulted in the fact that the socialist regimes were generally unable to replace old buildings with ‘modern’ ones; hence, there is a very rich heritage of historical monuments in many of these cities today. The centrally planned economies and the development of urban structures (including the shifts of population between cities and regions) were determined by ideology, political rationality and the integration of all CEE countries into the production schemes of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance and its division of labour by location. The sudden introduction of a market economy, private property, democratic rules, local autonomy for cities and municipalities and access to the global economy and society may be seen as a kind of ‘natural experiment’. How would these new conditions shape the national systems of cities and municipalities? Which cities would shrink and which would grow? How would the relationship between core cities and their surrounding municipalities develop? And what would happen within these cities and with their built environment?
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