We provide first evidence for the long-run causal impact that Chinese imports to European regions had on voting outcomes and revisit earlier estimates of the short-run impact for a methodological reason. The fringes of the political spectrum gained ground many years after the China shock plateaued and, unlike an earlier study by Colantone and Stanig (2018b), we do not find any robust evidence for a short-run effect on far-right votes. Instead, far-left and populist parties gained in the short run. We identify persistent long-run effects of import shocks on voting. These effects are biased towards populism and, to a lesser extent, to the far-right.

We provide first evidence for the long-run causal impact that Chinese imports to European regions had on voting outcomes and revisit earlier estimates of the short-run impact for a methodological reason. The fringes of the political spectrum gained ground many years after the China shock plateaued and, unlike an earlier study by Colantone and Stanig (2018b), we do not find any robust evidence for a short-run effect on far-right votes. Instead, far-left and populist parties gained in the short run. We identify persistent long-run effects of import shocks on voting. These effects are biased towards populism and, to a lesser extent, to the far-right.

In diesem Beitrag wird untersucht, wie Unternehmen ihre Organisation anpassen, wenn sie erstmalig an die Börse gehen (initial public offering, IPO). Im Zuge des Börsengangs wandeln sich Unternehmen in eine hierarchischere Organisation um und verstärken die Aufsicht durch das Management. Organisatorische Funktionen in den Bereichen Rechnungswesen, Finanzen, Informationstechnologie und Personalwesen gewinnen an Bedeutung. Sie tauschen einen großen Teil ihrer Belegschaft und fast ihr gesamtes Management aus, um ihr Humankapital an die neue Organisation anzupassen. Die neue Organisation erleichtert interne Versetzungen und Beförderungen. Insgesamt ist das Unternehmen durch den Börsengang einem Wandel unterworfen, der die Abhängigkeit des Unternehmens von einzelnen Beschäftigten verringert und den Produktionsprozess effizient organisiert.

This study estimates the firm-level employment effects of investment grants in Germany. In addition to the average treatment effect on the treated, we examine discrimination in the funding rules as potential source of effect heterogeneity. We combine a staggered difference-in-differences approach that explicitly models variations in treatment timing with a matching procedure at the cohort level. The findings reveal a positive effect of investment grants on employment development in the full sample. The subsample analysis yields strong evidence for heterogeneous effects based on firm characteristics and the economic environment. This can help to improve the future design of the program.