Regional Entrepreneurial Opportunities in the Biotech Industry: Exploring the Transition from Award-winning Nascent Entrepreneurs to Real Start-ups
H. Wolf, Claus Michelsen, Michael Schwartz
Abstract
Knowledge of factors that determine the transition from nascent entrepreneurship into real entrepreneurship is of major importance for policies aiming to effectively stimulate start-ups. Whereas scholars concentrated on person-specific factors to explain transition probabilities, environmental characteristics have been fairly neglected. Given that entrepreneurship is a strongly localized phenomenon, this paper argues that regional entrepreneurial opportunities are a driving force behind the transition from nascent entrepreneurship to new venture creation. Based on unique data on 103 nascent entrepreneurs in the German biotechnology industry, we empirically assess the importance of regional entrepreneurial opportunities on transition probabilities. Further, we introduce a new
approach to measure nascent entrepreneurship by capturing individuals that actively participate in start-up competitions and have won at least one competition. Controlling for technology and individual characteristics, we find strong support for our hypotheses relating to the significant impact of general regional opportunities, specific regional opportunities and the entrepreneurial environment for the probability of transition from award-winning nascent entrepreneurs to real start-ups.
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A Multidimensional Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Business Incubators: An application of the PROMETHEE outranking method
Michael Schwartz, Maximilian Göthner
Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy,
2009
Abstract
Considerable public resources are devoted to the establishment and operation of business incubators (BIs), which are seen as catalysts for the promotion of entrepreneurship, innovation activities and regional development. Despite the vast amount of research that focused on the effectiveness of incubator initiatives and how to measure incubator performance, there is still a lack of understanding of how to determine incubators that are more effective than others. Based on data from 410 graduate firms, the present article concentrates on this crucial question and compares the long-term effectiveness of five BIs in Germany by applying the multi-criteria outranking technique PROMETHEE. In particular, we investigate whether PROMETHEE is a well suited methodological approach for the evaluation and comparisons in the specific context of business incubation.
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A Novel Approach to Incubator Evaluations: The PROMETHEE Outranking Procedures
Michael Schwartz, Maximilian Göthner
IWH Discussion Papers,
Nr. 1,
2009
Abstract
Considerable public resources are devoted to the establishment and operation of business incubators (BIs), which are seen as catalysts for the promotion of entrepreneurship, innovation activities and regional development. Despite the vast amount of research that has focused on the outcomes or effectiveness of incubator initiatives and how to measure incubator performance, there is still little understanding of how to determine incubators that are more effective than others. Based on data from 410 graduate firms, this paper applies the multi-criteria outranking technique PROMETHEE (Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment Evaluation) and compares the long-term effectiveness of five technology-oriented BIs in Germany. This is the first time that outranking procedures are used in incubator evaluations. In particular, we investigate whether PROMETHEE is a well-suited methodological approach for the evaluation and comparisons in the specific context of business incubation.
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Getting out of the ivory tower – New perspectives on the entrepreneurial university
Jutta Günther, Kerstin Wagner
European Journal of International Management,
2008
Abstract
Based on theoretical considerations about the ‘third mission’ of
universities and the discussion of different types of university-industry relations, we conclude that the entrepreneurial university is a manifold institution with direct
mechanisms to support the transfer of technology from academia to industry
as well as indirect mechanisms in support of new business activities via
entrepreneurship education. While existing literature usually deals with one or
another linking mechanism separately, our central hypothesis is that direct and
indirect mechanisms should be interrelated and mutually complementary. We
emphasise the importance of a more holistic view of the entrepreneurial university
and empirically investigate the scope and interrelatedness of direct technology
transfer mechanisms and indirect mechanisms, such as entrepreneurship education
at German universities. We find a variety of activities in both fields and most
universities’ technology transfer facilities and the providers of entrepreneurship
education co-operate in support of innovative start-ups.
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Getting out of the Ivory Tower - New Perspectives on the Entrepreneurial University
Jutta Günther, Kerstin Wagner
Discussion Papers on Entrepreneurship and Innovation,
Nr. 2,
2007
Abstract
Based on theoretical considerations about the “third mission” of universities and the discussion of the nature of different university-industry relations, we conclude that the entrepreneurial university is a manifold institution with direct ways to transfer technology from academia to industry as well as indirect connections to industry via entrepreneurship education and training. While existing literature usually deals with one or another linking mechanism separately, our central hypothesises is that direct and indirect mechanisms should be interrelated and mutually complementary. We emphasize the importance of a more holistic view and empirically investigate the scope and interrelatedness of entrepreneurship education and direct technology transfer mechanisms at German universities. We find a variety of activities in both fields and evidence for an identification of HEI with the mission of knowledge commercialisation. Furthermore, it shows that the HEIs’ technology transfer facilities and the entrepreneurship education providers co-operate in support of the creation of spin-offs and innovative start-ups.
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Zehn Jahre Entrepreneurship-Ausbildung in Deutschland: eine positive Zwischenbilanz
Jutta Günther, Kerstin Wagner, Ilka Ritter
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
Nr. 9,
2007
Abstract
Innovative Unternehmensgründungen sind ein wesentlicher Bestandteil und Ausdruck dynamischer Wirtschaftsentwicklung. Sie entstehen aber nicht im luftleeren Raum, sondern bedürfen entsprechender institutioneller Rahmenbedingungen. Daher findet seit den 1990er Jahren das Thema der Unternehmertums- bzw. Gründungsausbildung auch an deutschen Hochschulen zunehmend Beachtung. 1997 wurde in Deutschland die erste Gründungsprofessur ausgeschrieben, und ihre Zahl hat seitdem stark zugenommen. Der vorliegende Beitrag zieht Bilanz: In welchem Umfang und mit welchen Inhalten wird Gründungsausbildung heute an Fachhochschulen und Universitäten angeboten? Was sind die Lehrinhalte und welche Unterrichtsformen dominieren? In welchem Maße verfügen Hochschulen komplementär zur Gründungsausbildung über Infrastruktur zur Kommerzialisierung von Wissen? Sind die Lehrstühle und Technologietransferstellen der Hochschulen kooperativ verbunden? Diese und weitere Fragen rund um die Gründungsausbildung als Teil des universitären Technologietransfers werden im vorliegenden Beitrag behandelt. Insgesamt zeichnen sich positive Entwicklungen sowohl hinsichtlich der Lehrangebote als auch der Einbettung in den Gesamtkontext des Technologietransfers ab. Dennoch scheinen weitere Anstrengungen erforderlich, so daß die grundsätzlich positiven Bewertungen nur eine erste Zwischenbilanz auf dem Weg zu mehr Gründungen aus der Hochschule sein können.
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Regional Differences in Entrepreneurship Education - Perceptions of University Target Groups
Kerstin Wagner, Frank Bau, Jürgen Schmude, Michael Dowling
Externe Publikationen,
2006
Abstract
Die Autoren gehen der Frage nach, wie sich Gründungsneigung und Gründungsabsichten von Studierenden zwischen Hochschulen oder sogar zwischen Fächergruppen unterscheiden. In der Studie wird dabei insbesondere berücksichtigt, inwieweit regional unterschiedliche Ausbildungs- und Förderstrukturen von Entrepreneurship Education auch unterschiedliche Bedürfnisse und Präferenzen hervorrufen und welche gründungsfördernden Aktivitäten von welchen Zielgruppen als relevant und wirkungsvoll erachtet werden.
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Students' Preferences for Entrepreneurship Education. An Application of Conjoint Analysis
Kerstin Wagner, W. Steiner, Bernhard Baumgartner, Frank Bau
Externe Publikationen,
Nr. 401,
2005
Abstract
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Economic Capability of East German Regions: Results of a Cluster Analysis
Franz Kronthaler
Regional Studies,
Nr. 6,
2005
Abstract
This paper analyses the economic capability of East German regions compared with West German regions. Based on new growth theory and new economic geography, and using relevant empirical literature, regions are clustered according to a set of growth factors. The clustering results find little evidence that the economic capability of East German regions is already comparable with West German regions. Economic disadvantages are particularly rooted in lower technical progress, a lack of entrepreneurship, lower business and industrial concentration, and a loss of human capital. However, there are a few East German regions with a high economic capability, but even those suffer from economic disadvantages such as lower technical progress, lower industrial activity and a poorer regional accessibility.
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African Development Perspective Yearbook: African Entrepreneurship and Private Sector Development
Karl Wohlmuth, Achim Gutowski, Tobias Knedlik, Mareike Meyn, Sunita Pitamber
African Development Perspective Yearbook: African Entrepreneurship and Private Sector Development, No. 9,
Nr. 9,
2004
Abstract
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