I show that the price discounts of Chinese cross-listed stocks (American Depositary Receipts (ADRs) and H-shares) to their underlying A-shares indicate the expected yuan/US dollar exchange rate. The forecasting models reveal that ADR and H-share discounts predict exchange rate changes more accurately than the random walk and forward exchange rates, particularly at long forecast horizons. Using panel estimations, I find that ADR and H-share investors form their exchange rate expectations according to standard exchange rate theories such as the Harrod–Balassa–Samuelson effect, the risk of competitive devaluations, relative purchasing power parity, uncovered interest rate parity, and the risk of currency crisis.

This paper analyzes the process of real economic convergence in the New Member States (NMS) bein g formerly centrally planned economies, using nonparametric methods instead of conventional parametric measurement tools like beta and sigma models. This methodological framework allows the examining of the relative income distribution in different periods of time, the number of modes of the density distribution, the existence of “convergence clubs” in the distribution and the hypothesis of convergence at a single point in time. The modality tests (e.g. the ASH-WARPing procedure) and stochastic kernel are nonparametric techniques used in the empirical part of the study to examine the income distribution in the NMS area. Additionally, random effects panel regressions are used, but only for comparison reasons. The main findings of the paper are the bimodality of the income density distribution over time and across countries, and the presence of convergence clubs in the income distribution from 1995 to 2008. The findings suggest a lack of absolute convergence in the long term (1995-2008) and also when looking only from 2003 onwards. The paper concludes that, in comparison with the parametrical approach, the nonparametric one gives a deeper, real and richer perspective on the process of real convergence in the NMS area.

We explore the dependency between currency crises and the stock market in emerging economies. Our focus is two-fold. First, the risk of a currency crisis rises as the foreign stake in the domestic stock market increases. Successful economies with high capital flows into their booming stock markets especially are prone to stock market-induced currency crises. Second, we apply the dividend growth model to show that stock markets crash in the run-up to a currency crisis. This new type of twin crisis is empirically tested by employing a logit framework using quarterly data for 33 emerging economies for 1994Q1–2007Q4.

Das deutsche Bruttoinlandsprodukt steigt im Jahr 2010 preisbereinigt um 3,7%. Es ist sehr wahrscheinlich, dass sich der Aufschwung in den beiden kommenden Jahren fortsetzen wird und das reale Bruttoinlandsprodukt 2011 um 2,3% und 2012 um 1,7% zulegt. Damit gelingt es der deutschen Wirtschaft, den Aufholprozess nach der weltweiten Finanzkrise als Startrampe für den Aufschwung zu nutzen. Käme es jedoch zu einer weiteren Zuspitzung der europäischen Schulden- und Vertrauenskrise oder wegen der äußerst expansiven Wirtschaftspolitik in den USA zu einem Verlust des Vertrauens in den US-Dollar, würde dies die konjunkturellen Erwartungen erheblich dämpfen. Entscheidend ist jetzt, dass die europäische Wirtschaftspolitik Krisenprävention und Krisenmanagement nachhaltig verbessert.

Die weltwirtschaftliche Erholung setzt sich fort. Die Produktion stieg in den fortgeschrittenen Volkswirtschaften bis in den Herbst 2010 hinein weiter, in den USA sogar wieder etwas beschleunigt. Auch in der Europäischen Union nahm die Produktion deutlich zu – trotz der irischen Krise und umfangreicher Sparpakete in Großbritannien und Spanien. In den meisten Schwellenländern bemühte sich die Wirtschaftspolitik schon das ganze Jahr über, eine Überhitzung zu verhindern, ohne die vielfach hohe Wachstumsdynamik zu beschädigen. Auch deswegen hat sich der Aufschwung insbesondere in Asien seit dem Frühjahr verlangsamt. Für die Wachstumszentren China und Indien sprechen aber Stimmungsindikatoren wieder für ein Anziehen der Konjunktur im Winterhalbjahr. Davon dürften die Nachbarländer, etwa die zuletzt wieder schwächelnde Konjunktur in Japan, profitieren.

In this article, we compare standard approaches used to handle losses in logarithmic profit models with a simple novel approach. We estimate translog stochastic profit frontiers, and discuss discriminatory power, rank stability and the precision of Profit Efficiency (PE) scores. Contrary to existing methods, our approach does not result in a loss of observations. Our new method enhances rank stability and discriminatory power, and improves the precision of PE scores.

Fiscal spending multiplier calculations have been revived in the aftermath of the

global financial crisis. Much of the current literature is based on VAR estimation

methods and DSGE models. The aim of this paper is not a further deepening of

this literature but rather to implement a calculation method of multipliers which is

suitable for open economies like EU member states. To this end, Input-Output tables are used as by this means the import intake of domestic demand components can be isolated in order to get an appropriate base for the calculation of the relevant import quotas. The difference of this method is substantial – on average the calculated multipliers are 15% higher than the conventional GDP fiscal spending multiplier for EU members. Multipliers for specific spending categories are comparably high, ranging between 1.4 and 1.8 for many members of the EU. GDP drops due to budget consolidation might therefore be substantial if monetary policy is not able to react in an expansionary manner.

This paper explores the impact of industrial clusters on regional growth at the German labour market region level using a regional convergence model. Based on the results of an exploratory study of the geography of German industrial clusters, we are able to differentiate the impact of industrial clustering from a horizontal and a vertical perspective while taking regional convergence into consideration. The results indicate that in addition to an all-German process of convergence, a specific East German one can be identified. The different types of industrial clusters show mixed effects within this framework. While vertically isolated industrial clusters have a negative impact on regional growth in this period, positive growth effects can be identified when industrial clusters show an intra-regional vertical interconnectedness.

The present paper gives an overview of the development of Corporate Governance of German banks since the 1950s. The focus will be on economic analysis. The most striking changes in Corporate Governance occurred with the ownership structure of commercial banks, in particular with the major joint-stock banks. In addition to that, the capital market has become a core element of Corporate Governance in all major German banks, which have replaced their prior concentration on the interests of a broadly defined circle of stakeholders by a one-sided concentration on shareholders’ interests. In contrast, with savings banks and cooperative cooperative banks, Corporate Governance has remained unchanged for the most part. Exceptions to this are the regional state banks: in their case, after they had turned away from traditional business models and in particular following the discontinuation of the guarantee obligation, the problems of their Corporate Governance, which were already discernible beforehand, became quite obvious. If you include the financial crisis, beginning in 2007, in the analysis, it becomes evident that it was precisely a Corporate Governance unilaterally geared to shareholders’ interest and the efficiency of the capital market that materially contributed to the evolution and widening of the crisis.

The question regarding the effects of changing transports costs on the size distribution of cities is an important topic of systems of cities research. The so-called New Economic Geography has already given some answers to this question. One central assumption in this kind of model is a very particular, simplified spatial structure. This contribution investigates the consequences of changing transport costs for a system of cities that are located equidistantly on a straight line. In the case of rising transport costs, the main outcome of this model is worker concentration in the central large cities, while the peripheral regions lose residents.

Der Vorschlag des Chefvolkswirts des Internationalen Währungsfonds, Olivier Blanchard, das Inflationsziel auf vier Prozent anzuheben, hat eine lebhafte Debatte über die angemessene Höhe der Zielinflationsrate entfacht. Dabei ist keineswegs offensichtlich, dass der durch höhere Inflationsraten größere Spielraum in Bezug auf Leitzinssenkungen in Krisenzeiten auch zu einem volkswirtschaftlichen Mehrwert führt. Insbesondere sind die mit einer höheren Inflationsrate einhergehenden volkswirtschaftlichen Kosten nicht zu vernachlässigen. So ist zum Beispiel die Variabilität der relativen Preise tendenziell umso größer, je höher die Inflationsrate ist. Dadurch wird die Signal-und Lenkungsfunktion relativer Preisänderungen beeinträchtigt, und dies hat negative Folgen für die effiziente Allokation von Ressourcen. Diese Studie untersucht im Rahmen einer empirischen Analyse den Einfluss der Inflation auf die Schwankungen der relativen Preise für den Euroraum. Sie kann einen signifikanten positiven Zusammenhang zwischen Inflation und Variabilität der relativen Preise feststellen. Damit liefert sie empirische Evidenz für einen störenden Einfluss von Inflation auf die relativen Preise und folglich für negative realwirtschaftliche Effekte von Inflation. Die Ergebnisse sprechen für eine Geldpolitik moderater Inflationsraten.