25.04.2012 • 13/2012
Technologie- und Gründerzentren: Hoffnungsträger der Wirtschaftsförderung auch in den Ländern Mittel- und Osteuropas
Das Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung Halle (IWH) erhebt regelmäßig zentrale Indikatoren zur Entwicklung der Technologie- und Gründerzentren (TGZ) in Deutschland. Diese Datenbank ist um wichtige mittel- und osteuropäische Staaten ergänzt worden. Erste Ergebnisse dieser Erhebungswelle liegen nun vor. Es zeigt sich, dass auch in den betrachteten Ländern große Hoffnungen in das Instrument der TGZ gesetzt und diese teilweise sehr dicht gestreut etabliert worden sind.
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Does the ECB Act as a Lender of Last Resort During the Subprime Lending Crisis?: Evidence from Monetary Policy Reaction Models
Stefan Eichler, K. Hielscher
Journal of International Money and Finance,
Nr. 3,
2012
Abstract
We investigate whether the ECB aligns its monetary policy with financial crisis risk in EMU member countries. We find that since the outbreak of the subprime crisis the ECB has significantly increased net lending and reduced interest rates when banking and sovereign debt crisis risk in vulnerable EMU countries (Greece, Ireland, Italy, Portugal, and Spain) increases, while no significant effect is identified for the pre-crisis period and relatively tranquil EMU countries (Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, and the Netherlands). These findings suggest that the ECB acts as a Lender of Last Resort for vulnerable EMU countries.
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The Impact of Banking and Sovereign Debt Crisis Risk in the Eurozone on the Euro/US Dollar Exchange Rate
Stefan Eichler
Applied Financial Economics,
Nr. 15,
2012
Abstract
I study the impact of financial crisis risk in the eurozone on the euro/US dollar exchange rate. Using daily data from 3 July 2006 to 30 September 2010, I find that the euro depreciates against the US dollar when banking or sovereign debt crisis risk increases in the eurozone. While the external value of the euro is more sensitive to changes in sovereign debt crisis risk in vulnerable member countries than in stable member countries, the impact of banking crisis risk is similar for both country blocs. Moreover, rising default risk of medium and large eurozone banks leads to a depreciation of the euro while small banks’ default risk has no significant impact, showing the relevance of systemically important banks with regards to the exchange rate.
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Fiscal Policy and the Great Recession in the Euro Area
Mathias Trabandt, Günter Coenen, Roland Straub
American Economic Review: Papers and Proceedings,
Nr. 3,
2012
Abstract
How much did fiscal policy contribute to euro area real GDP growth during the Great Recession? We estimate that discretionary fiscal measures have increased annualized quarterly real GDP growth during the crisis by up to 1.6 percentage points. We obtain our result by using an extended version of the European Central Bank's New Area-Wide Model with a rich specification of the fiscal sector. A detailed modeling of the fiscal sector and the incorporation of as many as eight fiscal time series appear pivotal for our result.
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Challenging the Production Function Approach to Assess the Developmental Effects of FDI
N. Driffield, Björn Jindra
European Journal of Development Research,
Nr. 1,
2012
Abstract
From a theoretical point of view, it is traditionally assumed that foreign firms possess a centrally accumulated firm-specific technological advantage over domestic firms (see, for example, Findlay, 1978; Dunning, 1979). Given a sufficient level of absorptive capacity and human capital, domestic firms in host economies are able to benefit from various externalities stimulated by the presence of foreign firms.
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Central Bank, Trade Unions, and Reputation – Is there Room for an Expansionist Manoeuvre in the European Union?
Toralf Pusch, A. Heise
A. Heise (ed.), Market Constellation Research: A Modern Governance Approach to Macroeconomic Policy. Institutionelle und Sozial-Ökonomie, Bd. 19,
2011
Abstract
The objective of this reader is manifold: On the one hand, it intends to establish a new perspective at the policy level named 'market constellations': institutionally embedded systems of macroeconomic governance which are able to explain differences in growth and employment developments. At the polity level, the question raised is whether or not market constellations can be governed and, thus, whether institutions can be created which will provide the incentives necessary for favourable market constellations.
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Konjunktur aktuell: Europäische Schulden- und Vertrauenskrise bringt deutsche Konjunktur ins Stocken
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
Nr. 1,
2012
Abstract
Zur Jahreswende 2011/2012 hat die weitere Zuspitzung der Schulden- und Vertrauenskrise im Euroraum die weltwirtschaftlichen Aussichten deutlich eingetrübt. Auch Deutschland wird sich von der Verschlechterung der internationalen Konjunktur nicht abkoppeln können, und das deutsche Bruttoinlandsprodukt dürfte im Jahr 2012 mit 0,3% nur schwach zunehmen. Darüber hinaus sind die Risiken groß. Sollten etwa die Refinanzierungskosten im deutschen Bankensystem, anders als in dieser Prognose unterstellt, stark zunehmen, würde die gesamtwirtschaftliche Produktion 2012 wohl schrumpfen. Zentrale Aufgabe der Wirtschaftspolitik ist es gegenwärtig, das Vertrauen der Finanzmärkte in die Staatsfinanzen der Euroraum-Länder zu kräftigen. Von den Vorschlägen dafür, wie dies gelingen soll, verspricht der vom Sachverständigenrat vorgeschlagene Schuldentilgungspakt den besten Erfolg.
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Internationalisation Theory and Technological Accumulation - An Investigation of Multinational Affiliates in East Germany
Björn Jindra
Studies in Economic Transition, London,
2012
Abstract
The integration of post-communist countries into the European and global economy after 1990 has led to a renewed interest in the role of multinational enterprises (MNEs) in economic restructuring and technological development. This book explains the expansion of MNEs into a transition economy from the technology accumulation perspective. Key assumptions of the technological accumulation approach towards firms' internationalisation are tested, using the examples of foreign and West German MNEs in East Germany. The effects of technological externalities on MNE location choice are analysed, in addition to an exploration of the factors driving the location of foreign affiliates' research and development (R&D) and innovation activities. The book provides a novel and comprehensive empirical approach to assess the developmental role of MNEs, deriving significant economic policy implications for transition and emerging economies.
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Protect and Survive? Did Capital Controls Help Shield Emerging Markets from the Crisis?
Makram El-Shagi
Economics Bulletin,
Nr. 1,
2012
Abstract
Using a new dataset on capital market regulation, we analyze whether capital controls helped protect emerging markets from the real economic consequences of the 2009 financial and economic crisis. The impact of the crisis is measured by the 2009 forecast error of a panel state space model, which analyzes the business cycle dynamics of 63 middle-income countries. We find that neither capital controls in general nor controls that were specifically targeted to derivatives (that played a crucial role during the crisis) helped shield economies. However, banking regulation that limits the exposure of banks to global risks has been highly successful.
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