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  2. Wirtschaft im Wandel, 8/2007
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Banking Regulation: Minimum Capital Requirements of Basel II Intensify Transmission from Currency Crises to Banking Crises

Emerging market currency crises are often followed by banking crises. One reason for the transmission is the increased value of foreign debt measured in local currency. Equity capital is often insufficient to ensure liquidity. This problem is addressed by Basel II, in particular by its minimum capital requirements. In difference to the current regulation (Basel I), Basel II employs a differentiated risk weighing on base of credit ratings. This contribution calculates the hypothetic effects of the new regulation on minimum capital requirements for the example of the South Korea currency and banking crises of 1997. The results are compared to current regulation. It can be shown that minimum capital requirements in the case of Basel II would have been lower than in the case of Basel I. Additionally, minimum capital requirements would have increased dramatically. The transmission from currency to banking crises would not have been prevented, but would have been accelerated. Thereby, minimum capital requirements under Basel I have been relatively low because of South Korea’s OECD membership. It can therefore be concluded that in other emerging market economies, which are not OECD members, the ratio of minimum capital requirements of Basel II to the minimum capital requirements of Basel I prior the crises would have been even lower. Therefore, the new instrument of banking regulation would have intensified the transmission from currency to banking crises.

22. August 2007

Authors Tobias Knedlik Johannes Ströbel

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Also in this issue

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„Where Have All the Young Girls Gone …?” Regional Analysis of Young Women’s Migration Behavior

Alexander Kubis Lutz Schneider

in: Wirtschaft im Wandel, No. 8, 2007

Abstract

The study examines the patterns and determinants of migration flows of young women at the age between 18 and 30 years. At the NUTS-3 regional level, i.e. the district level (Kreise), the German internal migration flows of the year 2005 are explored. From descriptive statistics it can be seen that peripheral regions in East Germany face the strongest migration deficit with respect to young women, whereas agglomerations in West Germany but also in the East benefit from an intense migration surplus within this group. The econometric analysis of determinants of regional migration flows emphasizes the importance of economic, family-related and educational migration motives. Generally speaking, young women tend to choose regions with good income and job opportunities. In addition, they seem to be attracted by regions enabling an appropriate balance between family and career. Furthermore, the existence of excellent educational facilities is a significant pull factor regarding young female migration. This educationally motivated type of migration generates an enduring effect on the regional balance of migration, which is especially true if the educational opportunities in the target region are associated with adequate career perspectives for highly qualified female graduates. In terms of recommendations for action, the study underlines the importance of policy measures improving the regional job and income opportunities. Secondly, the upgrading of fields of study mainly chosen by women seems to be a suitable way to stimulate female immigration. Moreover, the enhancement of the social infrastructure, which promotes a satisfactory work life balance, might attract young women or at least reduce the number of them leaving the region.

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Aktuelle Trends: IWH-Konjunkturbarometer Ostdeutschland: Wirtschaftliche Dynamik verliert im Sommer an Schwung

Udo Ludwig Franziska Exß

in: Wirtschaft im Wandel, No. 8, 2007

Abstract

In den Monaten April bis Juni hat sich das Wachstum der gesamtwirtschaftlichen Aktivität in Ostdeutschland leicht beschleunigt. Zwar ist es nach der witterungsbedingt frühzeitigen Abarbeitung eines Großteils des Überhangs an Bauaufträgen aus dem vergangenen Jahr zu dem erwarteten Rückschlag im Baugewerbe gekommen, die Expansion der industriellen Produktion hat sich jedoch fortgesetzt. Die Hersteller von Investitionsgütern und von Konsumgütern setzten erneut mehr Güter im Inland und im Ausland ab als in den drei Monaten zuvor. Dagegen schwächelte der Absatz der in Ostdeutschland produzierten Vorleistungsgüter sowohl in Deutschland als auch außerhalb. Insgesamt legte die Industrieproduktion damit nicht mehr so kräftig zu wie zu Jahresbeginn. In den Alten Bundesländern stagnierte sie dagegen sogar. Der Handel hat seinen Tiefpunkt infolge des Kaufkraftentzugs durch die Anhebung der Mehrwertsteuer inzwischen erreicht. Der Umsatz im Einzelhandel stieg allerdings nur wenig, der im Großhandel setzte seine moderate Expansion fort. Zum Zuwachs der gesamtwirtschaftlichen Aktivität trugen auch das Verkehrs- und das Nachrichtengewerbe sowie die unternehmensnahen Dienstleistungsbereiche bei.

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Editorial

Ulrich Blum

in: Wirtschaft im Wandel, No. 8, 2007

Abstract

Privatisierung und Marktöffnung galten gemeinhin als Erfolgsmodell für Wettbewerb, verbesserte Qualität und sinkende Preise bisher staatlicher Angebote. Der schlanke Staat wollte dem Bürger neue Freiräume zugestehen. Motivierte, nicht mehr gegängelte Mitarbeiter sollten Produktivitätsschübe auslösen und damit Subventionen überflüssig machen. Schon die Privatisierungsdesaster der englischen Eisenbahnen und der kalifornischen Elektrizitätswirtschaft ließen aufhorchen. Offensichtlich läßt sich der extrem intensive Wettbewerb, der beispielsweise bei der Heimelektronik ein permanentes Überangebot hochwertiger und preisgünstiger Waren erzeugt, nicht problemlos auf andere Sektoren übertragen.

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Urban Consolidation in Saxony a Thread for the Historic Districts?

Dominik Weiß

in: Wirtschaft im Wandel, No. 8, 2007

Abstract

Different lobby groups that fear a discrimination of the old and historic housing stock with its cultural value recently challenged the success of the urban renewal program „Stadtumbau Ost“. To make the discussion about it more objective, the subsidies for deconstruction and for improvement of the program are examined for the Free State of Saxony. The descriptive empirical analysis shows that the deconstruction of old houses mainly took place in cities with a higher share of old houses. Insofar, the danger of a total loss of the old housing stock may be low. Considering the allocation of the improvement subsidies, it can be shown that areas with old housing do profit relatively more, but not so often like the prefabricated socialist residential areas of the former GDR. The development of the historic housing stock, an explicit goal of the program “Stadtumbau Ost”, has been carried out in a minor degree in favour to the goal of housing market-adjustment.

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IWH-Industrieumfrage im Juli 2007: Hochstimmung hält an

Cornelia Lang

in: Wirtschaft im Wandel, No. 8, 2007

Abstract

Im Verarbeitenden Gewerbe Ostdeutschlands florieren die Geschäfte auch zu Beginn der zweiten Jahreshälfte. Darauf verweisen die Ergebnisse der IWH-Industrieumfrage vom Juli unter rund 300 Unternehmen. Der Saldo der Geschäftslage ist zwar seit der Maiumfrage um einen Punkt, der Saldo der Geschäftsaussichten um zwei Punkte zurückgegangen, doch insgesamt verbleibt die Einschätzung des Geschäftsklimas auf anhaltend hohem Niveau. Ein Blick auf die Wertungen aus den fachlichen Hauptgruppen zeigt, daß der leichte Rückgang hauptsächlich auf die Konsumgüterproduzenten und hier vor allem auf die Meldungen der Hersteller von Nahrungsgütern über ihre aktuelle Lage zurückzuführen ist.

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Business Cycle Update Summer 2007: German Upswing Still Healthy

Arbeitskreis Konjunktur

in: Wirtschaft im Wandel, No. 8, 2007

Abstract

In the summer of 2007, the economies of the European Union and Japan continue their upswing, while the USA is still suffering from economic weakness. The expansion of the East Asian economies remains highly dynamic. Compared to the beginning of the year, conditions at the global financial markets have deteriorated slightly: Long-term interest rates have risen considerably; with notably more than half of a percentage point the increase was especially pronounced in the Euro Area. Furthermore, markets have become increasingly volatile. The less favourable conditions at the global financial markets, among other reasons, will cause the upswing in the Euro Area and Japan to slightly slow down. While the USA will not enter a phase of stagnation, the economy will continue to expand at rates below its potential until 2008. In Germany, the economic recovery took a temporary break in the first half of 2007. While special circumstances (first, brought forward purchases in anticipation of the increase in the value added tax and second, the high construction activity because of the end of home owners subsidies) raised considerably economic activity towards the end of 2006, they caused a downturn in demand in the beginning of 2007. After this short dip, the upswing will recommence. Private consumption will be the main driving force, as incomes have increased considerably in the wake of the improved labour markets conditions. The upswing will continue next year, albeit at a slower pace. Higher interest rates, the appreciation of the Euro and the expected rise in labour costs will have some impact. Overall domestic demand will slow down, but only a little, as household consumption increases. GDP will expand by 2.6% and 2.5% in this and next year, respectively. The number of unemployed persons will decline below 3.5 million in 2008.

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