Capturing the changes in the knowledge base underlying drug discovery and development in the 20th century and the adjustment of Bayer, Hoechst, Schering AG and E. Merck to the advent of modern biotechnology
Iciar Dominguez Lacasa
Scientometrics,
Nr. 2,
2006
Abstract
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“Absurdes Ergebnis“ oder wissenschaftlich fundiert? Die Wahl der Konsolidierungsländer
Sabine Freye
List Forum für Wirtschafts- und Finanzpolitik,
Nr. 2,
2009
Abstract
Im Sommer 2009 wurde von Bundestag und Bundesrat die Einführung der Schuldenbremse beschlossen. Im Rahmen der damit verbundenen Regelungen wurde zudem entschieden, den fünf am höchsten verschuldeten Bundesländern im Zeitraum von 2011 bis 2019 so genannte Konsolidierungshilfen zum Abbau ihrer strukturellen Verschuldung zu gewähren. Fragen nach der Auswahl der ‚Konsolidierungsländer‘, den verwendeten finanzwissenschaftlichen Indikatoren und deren Realitätsnähe hinsichtlich der tatsächlichen finanziellen Situation der Länderhaushalte blieben bisher allerdings unbeantwortet. Der vorliegende Beitrag setzt an diesem Punkt an und zeigt, dass die Wahl der ‚Konsolidierungsländer‘ ein politischer Kompromiss zwischen Bund und Ländern war, der zum Teil finanzwissenschaftlich gestützt werden kann. Der Vergleich einzelner finanzstatistischer Kennzahlen deutet zusätzlich darauf hin, dass die finanzpolitischen Handlungsspielräume der Länder jedoch nicht allein von der Höhe des Schuldenstandes und den daraus resultierenden Zinsverpflichtungen sondern auch von der Wirtschaftsleistung eines Landes abhängen. Die Konsolidierungshilfen sind somit eine Hilfe zum Abbau der bestehenden strukturellen Schulden, aber keine Garantie dafür, dass die Länder über das Jahr 2019 hinaus die engen Grenzen der bundesdeutschen Schuldenbremse einhalten werden können.
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Incentive-Compatible Grants-in-Aid Mechanisms for Federations with Local Tax Competition and Asymmetric Information
Martin Altemeyer-Bartscher, T. Kuhn
Proceedings. 98th Annual Conference on Taxation, Miami, Florida, November 17-19, 2005 and Minutes of the Annual Meeting of the National Tax Association,
2006
Abstract
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Capital Stock Approximation using Firm Level Panel Data: A Modified Perpetual Inventory Approach
Steffen Müller
Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik,
Nr. 4,
2008
Abstract
Many recent studies exploring conditional factor demand or factor substitution issues use firm level panel data. A considerable number of establishment panels contains no direct information on the capital input, necessary for production or cost function estimation. Incorrect measurement of capital leads to biased estimates and casts doubt on any inference on output elasticities or input substitution properties. The perpetual inventory approach, commonly used for long panels, is a method that attenuates these problems. In this paper a modified perpetual inventory approach is proposed. This method provides more reliable measures for capital input when short firm panels are used and no direct information on capital input is available. The empirical results based on a replication study of Addison et al. (2006) support the conclusion that modified perpetual inventory is superior to previous attempts in particular when fixed effects estimation techniques are used. The method thus makes a considerable number of recently established firm panels accessible to more sophisticated production function or factor demand analyses.
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Grüne Technologien als industriepolitisches Konzept? Der Süden Sachsen-Anhalts als Fallbeispiel
Jörg Döpke, Philip Maschke, C. Altmann, D. Bieräugel
List Forum für Wirtschafts- und Finanzpolitik,
Nr. 1,
2015
Abstract
Die bundespolitische Maßnahme der Energiewende und das Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetz (EEG) als Teil davon haben in Sachsen-Anhalt Hoffnungen ausgelöst, die insbesondere mit der Förderung grüner Technologien in Verbindung standen. Das vorliegende Papier stellt eine Analyse der Wirkungen von Subventionen im Allgemeinen dar und widmet sich dem EEG und seiner Auswirkungen im Speziellen. Dazu werden auch Ergebnisse einer Befragung herangezogen, welche die Industrie- und Handelskammer (IHK) Halle-Dessau bei Unternehmen im südlichen Sachsen-Anhalt durchgeführt hat.
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Deposit Insurance, Moral Hazard and Market Monitoring
Reint E. Gropp, Jukka M. Vesala
Review of Finance,
Nr. 4,
2004
Abstract
The paper analyses the relationship between deposit insurance, debt-holder monitoring, and risk taking. In a stylised banking model we show that deposit insurance may reduce moral hazard, if deposit insurance credibly leaves out non-deposit creditors. Testing the model using EU bank level data yields evidence consistent with the model, suggesting that explicit deposit insurance may serve as a commitment device to limit the safety net and permit monitoring by uninsured subordinated debt holders. We further find that credible limits to the safety net reduce risk taking of smaller banks with low charter values and sizeable subordinated debt shares only. However, we also find that the introduction of explicit deposit insurance tends to increase the share of insured deposits in banks' liabilities.
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Competition between Financial Markets in Europe: What can be Expected from MiFID?
Hans Degryse
Financial Markets and Portfolio Management,
Nr. 1,
2009
Abstract
The Markets in Financial Instruments Directive (MiFID) could be the foundation of new trading platforms in Europe. This contribution employs insights from the theoretical and empirical literature to highlight some of the possible implications of MiFID. In particular, we argue that more competition will lead to more liquid markets, reflected in lower bid–ask spreads and greater depth. It will also lead to innovation in incumbent markets and stimulate the design of new trading platforms. MiFID has already introduced more competition, as evidenced by the startup of Instinet Chi-X, the announcement of new initiatives, including Project Turquoise and BATS, and the reactions of incumbent exchanges.
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Uncertainty, Bank Lending, and Bank-level Heterogeneity
Claudia M. Buch, Manuel Buchholz, Lena Tonzer
IMF Economic Review,
Nr. 4,
2015
Abstract
We analyze how uncertainty affects bank lending. We measure uncertainty as the cross-sectional dispersion of shocks to bank-level variables. Comparing this measure of uncertainty in banking to more traditional measures of uncertainty, we find similar but no identical patterns. Higher uncertainty in banking has negative effects on bank lending. This effect is heterogeneous across banks: lending by banks that are better capitalized and have higher liquidity buffers tends to be affected less. Also, the degree of internationalization matters, as loan supply by banks in financially open countries is affected less by uncertainty. The impact of the ownership status of the individual bank is less important, in contrast.
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What Can We Learn from Bargaining Models about Union Power? The Decline in Union Power in Germany, 1992–2009
Boris Hirsch, Claus Schnabel
Manchester School,
Nr. 3,
2014
Abstract
Building on the right-to-manage model of collective bargaining, this paper tries to infer union power from the observed results in wage setting. It derives a time-varying indicator of union strength taking account of taxation, unemployment benefits, and the labour market situation and confronts this indicator with annual data for Germany. The results show that union power did not change much from 1992 to 2002 but fell markedly (by about one-third) from 2002 to 2007 in the aftermath of substantial labour market reforms.
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Do Better Pre-migration Skills Accelerate Immigrants' Wage Assimilation?
Boris Hirsch, Elke J. Jahn, Ott Toomet, Daniela Hochfellner
Labour Economics,
2014
Abstract
This paper analyzes wage assimilation of ethnic German immigrants to Germany using unique administrative data that include an administrative estimate of immigrants' expected wage in Germany at the time of migration. We find that a 10% higher wage potential translates into a 1.6% higher wage in Germany when also controlling for educational attainment, thus pointing at partial transferability of pre-migration skills to the host country's labor market. We also document that wage assimilation is significantly accelerated for immigrants with higher wage potentials. Our results are both in line with complementarities between pre-migration skills and host country-specific human capital and a U-shaped pattern of immigrants' job mobility with initial downgrading and subsequent upgrading.
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