We investigate the long-term relationship between conflict-related migration and individual socioeconomic inequality. Looking at the post-conflict environment of Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH), a former Yugoslav state most heavily impacted by the conflicts of the early 1990s, the paper focuses on differences in educational performance and income between four groups: migrants, internally displaced persons, former external migrants, and those who did not move. The analysis leverages a municipality-representative survey (n≈6,000) that captured self-reported education and income outcomes as well as migration histories. We find that individuals with greater exposure to conflict had systematically worse educational performance and lower earnings two decades after the war. Former external migrants now living in BiH have better educational and economic outcomes than those who did not migrate, but these advantages are smaller for individuals who were forced to move. We recommend that policies intended to address migration-related discrepancies should be targeted on the basis of individual and family experiences caused by conflict.

Die Unterbeschäftigung, die sich aus den registrierten Arbeitslosen und den Sonstigen Unterbeschäftigten (z. B. Teilnehmer an Arbeitsbeschaffungs- und Strukturanpassungsmaßnahmen) zusammensetzt, hat sich seit Mitte der 1990er in Ostdeutschland kaum zurückbildet. Zwischen 1996 und 2006 schwankte die Zahl der Unterbeschäftigten pro Jahr zwischen ca. 1,5 und 1,8 Mio. Personen. Daß die Unterbeschäftigung in diesem Zeitraum nicht deutlich angestiegen ist, liegt – bei tendenziell rückläufiger Nachfrage nach Arbeitskräften – maßgeblich am Rückgang des – an der Zahl der Erwerbsfähigen gemessenen – Arbeitsangebots.