01.04.2026 • 10/2026
Economic growth in East Germany slightly higher than in the West – Implications of the Joint Economic Forecast Spring 2026 and of new data for the East German economy
In 2025, the East German economy expanded by 0.4%, somewhat more than Germany as a whole (0.2%). For 2026, the Halle Institute for Economic Research (IWH) expects growth of 0.7% for East Germany (Germany: 0.6%). The unemployment rate is likely to amount to 7.9% in the current year, after 7.8% in 2025.
Oliver Holtemöller
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01.04.2026 • 9/2026
Energy price shock dampens recovery – inflation rises
Although the leading economic research institutes consider the German economy to be in a recovery phase following a downturn lasting several years, they nevertheless expect only a moderate increase in gross domestic product of 0.6% for 2026 and 0.9% for 2027. “The energy price shock triggered by the Iran war is hitting the recovery hard, but at the same time expansionary fiscal policy is bolstering the domestic economy and preventing a stronger slide,” says Timo Wollmershäuser, Head of Forecasts at the ifo Institute. The institutes estimate that the inflation rate will rise to an average of 2.8% in 2026 and 2.9% in 2027.
Oliver Holtemöller
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IWH-Flash-Indikator IV. Quartal 2025 und I. Quartal 2026
Katja Heinisch, Oliver Holtemöller, Axel Lindner, Birgit Schultz
IWH Flash Indicator,
No. 4,
2025
Abstract
Die deutsche Wirtschaft stagnierte im dritten Quartal 2025, nachdem sie im Quartal zuvor noch um 0,2% geschrumpft war. Einem Rückgang der Exporte standen steigende Investitionen in Ausrüstungen gegenüber. Das Bruttoinlandsprodukt (BIP) liegt damit weiterhin mehr als einen Prozentpunkt unter dem Höchstwert von vor drei Jahren. Die anhaltende Exportschwäche der deutschen Industrie ist dabei nicht auf eine ungünstige weltwirtschaftliche Lage zurückzuführen, sondern auf weiterhin ungelöste strukturelle Probleme wie zu hohe Energie- und Arbeitskosten in Deutschland. Zwar deutet sich zum Jahreswechsel 2025/2026 eine moderate konjunkturelle Belebung an (vgl. Abbildung 1), von den geplanten Mehrausgaben für Verteidigung und Infrastruktur sind jedoch erst ab dem kommenden Jahr konjunkturelle Impulse zu erwarten. Allerdings belasten weltweite Spannungen die Lieferketten weiterhin, und sie führen in der stark arbeitsteiligen deutschen Industrie immer wieder zu Engpässen. Laut IWH-Flash-Indikator steigt das Bruttoinlandsprodukt (BIP) im vierten Quartal 2025 um 0,2% und im ersten Quartal 2026 um 0,4%.
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Bürokratieabbau: Brauchen wir einen Elon Musk in Deutschland?
Reint E. Gropp
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 2,
2025
Abstract
Bürokratie und eine Verkleinerung des Staates sind schon seit Jahren in aller Munde. Bürokratieabbau war in den Wahlprogrammen aller deutschen Parteien zur letzten Bundestagswahl zu finden. Wenn Unternehmen gefragt werden, was sie davon abhält zu investieren, rangieren überbordende Bürokratie und Berichtspflichten zusammen mit Arbeitskräftemangel und hohen Energiekosten an erster Stelle.
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Productivity, Place, and Plants
Benjamin Schoefer, Oren Ziv
Review of Economics and Statistics,
Vol. 106 (5),
2024
Abstract
Why do cities differ so much in productivity? A long literature has sought out systematic sources, such as inherent productivity advantages, market access, agglomeration forces, or sorting. We document that up to three quarters of the measured regional productivity dispersion is spurious, reflecting the “luck of the draw” of finite counts of idiosyncratically heterogeneous plants that happen to operate in a given location. The patterns are even more pronounced for new plants, hold for alternative productivity measures, and broadly extend to European countries. This large role for individual plants suggests a smaller role for places in driving regional differences.
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Regulating Zombie Mortgages
Jonathan Lee, Duc Duy Nguyen, Huyen Nguyen
Abstract
Using the adoption of Zombie Property Law (ZL) across several US states, we show that increased lender accountability in the foreclosure process affects mortgage lending decisions and standards. Difference-in-differences estimations using a state border design show that ZL incentivizes lenders to screen mortgage applications more carefully: they deny more applications and impose higher interest rates on originated loans, especially risky loans. In turn, these loans exhibit higher ex-post performance. ZL also affects lender behavior after borrowers become distressed, causing them to strategically keep delinquent mortgages alive. Our findings inform the debate on policy responses to foreclosure crises.
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Inflation Concerns and Green Product Consumption: Evidence from a Nationwide Survey and a Framed Field Experiment
Sabrina Jeworrek, Lena Tonzer
Abstract
Promoting green product consumption is one important element in building a sustainable society. Yet green products are usually more costly. In times of high inflation, not only budget constraints but also the fear that prices will continue to rise might dampen green product consumption and, hence, limit the effectiveness of exerted efforts to promote sustainable behaviors. To test this suggestion, we conducted a Germany-wide survey with almost 1,200 respondents, followed by a framed field experiment (N=500) to confirm causality. In the survey, respondents’ stated “green” purchasing behavior is, as to be expected, positively correlated with concerns about climate change. It is also negatively correlated with concerns about future inflation and energy costs, but after controlling for observable characteristics such as income and educational level only the correlation with concerns about future prices remains significant. This result is driven by individuals with below-median environmental attitude. In the framed field experiment, we use the priming method to manipulate the saliency of inflation concerns. Whereas sizably relaxing the budget constraint (i.e., by 50 percent) has no impact on the share of organic products in participants’ baskets, the priming significantly decreases the share of organic products for individuals with below-median environmental attitude, similar to the survey data.
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Einkommens- und Vermögensunterschiede drei Jahrzehnte nach der Wiedervereinigung
Charlotte Bartels, Theresa Neef
Ost und West. Frei, vereint und unvollkommen. Bericht des Ostbeauftragten 2024,
2024
Abstract
Mehr als 30 Jahre nach der deutschen Wiedervereinigung sind die wirtschaftlichen Ressourcen der Bewohnerinnen und Bewohner Ostdeutschlands weiterhin deutlich geringer als in Westdeutschland. Ostdeutsche Löhne liegen immer noch knapp 30 Prozent unter den westdeutschen Löhnen. Das durchschnittliche Vermögen der ostdeutschen Haushalte beträgt weniger als 50 Prozent des westdeutschen Durchschnitts. Im Folgenden beleuchten wir Unterschiede und Gemeinsamkeiten der Einkommens- und Vermögensverteilung in Ost- und Westdeutschland und diskutieren Gründe für das anhaltende ökonomische Gefälle.
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Altruism, Social Interactions, and the Course of a Pandemic
Laura Alfaro, Ester Faia, Nora Lamersdorf, Farzad Saidi
European Economic Review,
Vol. 161 (1),
2024
Abstract
Externalities and social preferences, such as altruism, play a key role in the choice of social interactions, which in turn affect the diffusion of a pandemic. We build a dynamic epidemiological model with endogenous social interactions in a frictional environment, also in a variant with heterogeneous agents and a network structure. Taking into account agents’ endogenous behavior and altruism generates markedly different predictions relative to a naïve epidemiological model with exogenous contact rates. Congestion and commitment inefficiencies arise, even under full altruism, and call for policy intervention. We derive the efficient allocation, and show how the Ramsey planner can mitigate the respective externalities.
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From Shares to Machines: How Common Ownership Drives Automation
Joseph Emmens, Dennis Hutschenreiter, Stefano Manfredonia, Felix Noth, Tommaso Santini
IWH Discussion Papers,
No. 23,
2024
Abstract
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