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Professor Dr Udo Ludwig

Professor Dr Udo Ludwig
Current Position

since 1/05

Professor of Empirical Economic Research

Leipzig University

since 1/92

Economist in the Department of Macroeconomics

Halle Institute for Economic Research (IWH) – Member of the Leibniz Association

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Research Interests
  • business cycle research and research on economic growth in a national and regional context
  • input-output analyses
  • studies on structural change of Germany's economy after 1945 - a comparison between East Germany's centrally planned economy and West Germany's market economy

Udo Ludwig is Honorary Professor of Empirical Economic Research at Leipzig University. He joined the institute in 1992. His research focuses on internationalisation of value creation processes, the implementation of input-output models, empirical comparison of economies, and economic change.

Udo Ludwig earned a diploma from St Petersburg University and received his PhD from the German Academy of Sciences at Berlin.

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Professor Dr Udo Ludwig
Professor Dr Udo Ludwig
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Publications

Recent Publications

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Structural Stability of the Research & Development Sector in European Economies Despite the Economic Crisis

Jutta Günther Maria Kristalova Udo Ludwig

in: Journal of Evolutionary Economics, No. 5, 2019

Abstract

When an external shock such as the economic crisis in 2008/2009 occurs, the interconnectedness of sectors can be affected. This paper investigates whether the R&D sector experienced changes in its sectoral integration through the recession. Based on an input-output analysis, it can be shown that the linkages of the R&D sector with other sectors remain stable. In some countries, the inter-sectoral integration becomes even stronger. Policy makers can be encouraged to use public R&D spending as a means of fiscal policy against an economic crisis.

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Beschäftigungs- und Lohneffekte der deutschen Exportgüterproduktion im Lichte ihrer gestiegenen Importintensität

Hans-Ulrich Brautzsch Udo Ludwig

in: S. Dullien et al. (Hrsg.), Makroökonomie im Dienste des Menschen. Festschrift für Gustav A. Horn. Schriften der Keynes-Gesellschaft, Band 14. Marburg: Metropolis-Verlag, 2019

Abstract

Anhand einer Input-Output-Analyse wird gezeigt, dass für die Wertschöpfungsketten der Exportgüterproduktion in Deutschland weder die Daten während des Globalisierungsschubs um die Jahrtausendwende noch die Daten während der Wirtschafts- und Finanzkrise und danach den Verlust an Arbeitsplätzen und Einkommen infolge der wachsenden Importdurchdringung der nationalen Produktion belegen können. Im Gegenteil wird gezeigt, dass Deutschland dank seiner Stärke auf den internationalen Märkten von der Auslagerung einzelner Arbeitsschritte und ganzer Produktionsstufen profitiert hat.

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Produktion und Einkommen im Material Product System (MPS)

Udo Ludwig

in: R. Mink, K. Voy (Hrsg.), Gesamtwirtschaftliche Einkommensbegriffe. Produktion und Einkommen im sozialpolitischen Kontext. Berliner Beiträge zu den volkswirtschaftlichen Gesamtrechnungen, Band 3. Marburg: Metropolis-Vertrag, 2019

Abstract

The paper analyses the theoretical and socioeconomic background of income categories in the national accounts of centrally planned economies as well as the repercussions on macroeconomic control and development.

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Refereed Publications

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Structural Stability of the Research & Development Sector in European Economies Despite the Economic Crisis

Jutta Günther Maria Kristalova Udo Ludwig

in: Journal of Evolutionary Economics, No. 5, 2019

Abstract

When an external shock such as the economic crisis in 2008/2009 occurs, the interconnectedness of sectors can be affected. This paper investigates whether the R&D sector experienced changes in its sectoral integration through the recession. Based on an input-output analysis, it can be shown that the linkages of the R&D sector with other sectors remain stable. In some countries, the inter-sectoral integration becomes even stronger. Policy makers can be encouraged to use public R&D spending as a means of fiscal policy against an economic crisis.

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Can R&D Subsidies Counteract the Economic Crisis? – Macroeconomic Effects in Germany

Hans-Ulrich Brautzsch Jutta Günther Brigitte Loose Udo Ludwig Nicole Nulsch

in: Research Policy, No. 3, 2015

Abstract

During the economic crisis of 2008 and 2009, governments in Europe stabilized their economies by means of fiscal policy. After decades of absence, deficit spending was used to counteract the heavy decline in demand. In Germany, public spending went partially into R&D subsidies in favor of small and medium sized enterprises. Applying the standard open input–output model, the paper analyzes the macroeconomic effects of R&D subsidies on employment and production in the business cycle. Findings in the form of backward multipliers suggest that R&D subsidies have stimulated a substantial leverage effect. Almost two thirds of the costs of R&D projects are covered by the enterprises themselves. Overall, a subsidized R&D program results in a production, value added and employment effect that amounts to at least twice the initial financing. Overall, the R&D program counteracts the decline of GDP by 0.5% in the year 2009. In the year 2010 the effects are already procyclical since the German economy recovered quickly. Compared to the strongly discussed alternative uses of subsidies for private consumption, R&D spending is more effective.

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The Skills Balance in Germany’s Import Intensity of Exports: An Input-Output Analysis

Udo Ludwig Hans-Ulrich Brautzsch

in: Intereconomics, No. 2, 2014

Abstract

In the decade prior to the economic and financial crisis, Germany’s net exports increased in absolute terms as well as relative to the growing level of import intensity of domestically produced export goods and services. This article analyses the direct and indirect employment effects induced both by exports as well as by of the import intensity of the production process of export goods and services on the skills used. It shows that Germany’s export surpluses led to positive net employment effects. Although the volume of imports of intermediate goods increased and was augmented by the rise in exports, it could not undermine the overall positive employment effect.

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Working Papers

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Der Exportsektor im ostdeutschen Verarbeitenden Gewerbe und seine Bedeutung für das betriebliche Wachstum - eine Auswertung von Mikrodaten der amtlichen Statistik und einer IWH-Industrieumfrage -

Brigitte Loose Udo Ludwig

in: IWH Discussion Papers, No. 169, 2003

Abstract

This paper deals with the presence of East German manufacturers in foreign product markets. The following questions are discussed: Which factories sell their products abroad? What influences the export activities? Hypotheses are built on the basis of different trade theories, such as the relative position of the enterprises in their home market, the cumulation of learning effects in production and sales, the saturation of the domestic market and others. Individual data sets from industrial surveys for 1995 and 2000 are used to reveal the relationship between the company’s technical as well as institutional characteristics and their participation in export activities. Bivariate and multivariate approaches are applied. Additionally, a sample of enterprises has been asked to assess their export activities.

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Vierteljährliche Entstehungsrechnung des Bruttoinlandsprodukts für Ostdeutschland: Sektorale Bruttowertschöpfung

Hans-Ulrich Brautzsch Udo Ludwig

in: IWH Discussion Papers, No. 164, 2002

Abstract

Data regarding the development of macroeconomic production and employment are essential for the political decision process. Especially timely available information is a critical issue. Reliable short run data are not reported for East Germany yet. Because of data limitations for the past quarterly sectoral series of production and employment are derived from annual national accounts data using a set of indicators by branches. Indicators have been tested and cover working hours and sales, among others. For the period from 1992 to 2001 quarterly series for sectoral GDP are derived. A flash estimator for the overall macroeconomic performance is obtained through aggregation.

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Überregionale Absatztätigkeit der ostdeutschen Industrie– eine empirische Analyse anhand der Daten des IAB-Betriebspanels –

Brigitte Loose Udo Ludwig

in: IWH Discussion Papers, No. 153, 2001

Abstract

In diesem Aufsatz wird die Exportorientierung der Betriebe des ostdeutschen Verarbeitenden Gewerbes in einer erweiterten Fassung analysiert, die neben dem Ausland auch das frühere Bundesgebiet als Absatzmarkt einschließt. Ge­genstand der bivariaten und multivariaten Untersuchung sind die Zusammen­hänge zwischen verschiedenen technischen und institutionellen Merkmalen der Betriebe und ihrem überregionalen Absatzengagement. Ausgangspunkt der Thesenbildung sind die unterschiedlich hohen Transaktionskosten auf den Märkten in Deutschland und außerhalb. Als Datenbasis dienen die Arbeit­geberbefragun­gen im IAB-Betriebspanel von 1999 und 2000.

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Keywords

East Germany
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