Subsidized Vocational Education in East Germany: Stepping Stone or Dead End?
Eva Dettmann
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 12,
2009
Abstract
The aim of the study is to analyse whether the formally equal qualifications acquired during a subsidized vocational education induce equal employment opportunities compared to regular vocational training. This question is answered for adolescents in workplace-related training. Using replacement matching on the basis of a statistical distance function, we are able to control for selection effects resulting from different personal and profession-related characteristics and thus to identify an unbiased effect of the public support. The analysis is based on unique, very detailed data, the Youth Panel of the Halle Centre for Social Research (zsh).
The results show that young people who successfully completed a workplace-related training are disadvantaged regarding their employment opportunities even when controlling for personal and profession-related influences. Besides a quantitative effect on the percentage of employed adolescents, the analysis shows differences in the job quality: The employed graduates of workplace-related training work in worse paid jobs, and less are employed in qualification adequate occupations compared to matchable graduates of regular vocational education.
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Die horizontale und vertikale Dimension industrieller Cluster – methodische Aspekte am Beispiel Dresdens
Mirko Titze, Matthias Brachert, Alexander Kubis
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 7,
2009
Abstract
Das Konzept industrieller Cluster verzeichnet stetige Attraktivitätsgewinne bei Akteuren regionaler Wirtschaftsförderung. Folgt man der Überlegung, dass das Clusterkonzept einen Ansatzpunkt zur Förderung der Wettbewerbsfähigkeit von Regionen bildet, so ist es in einem ersten Schritt notwendig, industrielle Cluster umfassend zu identifizieren. Bisherige Untersuchungen bedienen sich dazu einer methodischen Vielfalt. Sie reicht von spezifischen regionalen Fallstudien über Cluster-Mapping und Input-Output-Methoden bis hin zu verschiedenen Konzentrationsmaßen. Der folgende Beitrag orientiert sich an einer mehrdimensionalen Clusterdefinition und versucht, die verschiedenen methodischen Ansätze zusammenzuführen. Durch die Kombination der Verwendung von Konzentrationsmaßen, Input-Output-Methoden sowie regionalen Matrizen innovativer Wissensflüsse wird ein ganzheitlicher Ansatz zur Identifikation horizontaler und vertikaler industrieller Cluster vorgestellt. Dieser ermöglicht es, regionsspezifische und regionsübergreifende Clusterstrukturen zu identifizieren. Am Beispiel des Großraums Dresden zeigt sich, dass sich die wirtschaftliche Aktivität mehrheitlich auf die kreisfreie Stadt Dresden konzentriert. Übersehen wird jedoch oftmals die Bedeutung des Umlandes für die Wissensgenerierung in Kernstädten. Mit Hilfe einer regionalen Matrix innovativer Wissensflüsse lassen sich positive Effekte der Wissensgenerierung durch die Kragenkreise Dresdens darstellen. Diese Strukturen gilt es in einer umfassenden Identifikation industrieller Cluster zu beachten, damit alle Akteure der Wissensgenerierung in die Clusteridentifikation einbezogen werden.
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Microeconometric Evaluation and the Selection Bias – A practical Survey of Nonparametrical Solution Methods
Eva Reinowski
Zeitschrift für Evaluation 2,
No. 2,
2006
Abstract
The application of evaluation strategies becomes more important in various fields of study. The problem of self-selection associated with microeconomic evaluation can be solved in different ways, but nonparametrical solutions are most popular. The study gives an overview of nonparametrical solution methods for this problem. The aim is to close the gap between introductory and the more sophisticated literature and to give some practical guidance for the choice of the appropriate method for empirical application. The assumptions as well as advantages and drawbacks for empirical application and the requirements to the data base are described for every approach. It becomes clear that there is no ‘magic bullet’. For an unbiased estimation the assumptions have to be fulfilled and the data at hand must be compatible with the respective method.
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Microeconometric Evaluation of Selected ESF-funded ALMP-Programmes
Eva Reinowski, Birgit Schultz
IWH Discussion Papers,
No. 17,
2006
Abstract
The study evaluates different ESF-funded labour market programmes by comparing the labour market status at different points in time after the treatment. In order to solve the selection problem we employ a standard matching algorithm with a multi-dimensional distance measure. The effects of the analyzed programmes (wage subsidies, start-up subsidies and qualification measures for recipients of social welfare) are very heterogeneous. It can be observed that the direct integration into the regular labour market provides an advantage for the supported individuals. Its lasting effects, however, strongly depend on the group of persons being supported, the type of treatment and the employers’ financial share.
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