Neue Unternehmen sind Hoffnungsträger
Jürgen Schmude, Kerstin Wagner
External Publications,
2006
Abstract
The paper reveals firm birth rates and survivor rates at the level of German districts (Kreise). Rates vary both between regions and industries. For the business service and bank/insurance sector, firm formation rates are above-median of the private economy, while production industries show highest survivor rates.
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Industries in east Germany: regional clusters
Franz Kronthaler
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 16,
2004
Abstract
The study examines the spatial distribution of business activities in East Germany and exhibit in which industries the East German regions are specialised. The findings of the investigation show that in East Germany numerous industries are spatially concentrated and that the most important locations of industries and enterpise services concentrate on Berlin and on regions in Saxonia. The locations usually tie at the traditional structures or at specific potentials of the regions.
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The Impact of Technology and Regulation on the Geographical Scope of Banking
Hans Degryse, Steven Ongena
Oxford Review of Economic Policy,
No. 4,
2004
Abstract
We review how technological advances and changes in regulation may shape the (future) geographical scope of banking. We first review how both physical distance and the presence of borders currently affect bank lending conditions (loan pricing and credit availability) and market presence (branching and servicing). Next we discuss how technology and regulation have altered this impact and analyse the current state of the European banking sector. We discuss both theoretical contributions and empirical work and highlight open questions along the way. We draw three main lessons from the current theoretical and empirical literature: (i) bank lending to small businesses in Europe may be characterized both by (local) spatial pricing and resilient (regional and/or national) market segmentation; (ii) because of informational asymmetries in the retail market, bank mergers and acquisitions seem the optimal route of entering another market, long before cross-border servicing or direct entry are economically feasible; and (iii) current technological and regulatory developments may, to a large extent, remain impotent in further dismantling the various residual but mutually reinforcing frictions in the retail banking markets in Europe. We conclude the paper by offering pertinent policy recommendations based on these three lessons.
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Business services in East Germany - an update
Siegfried Beer
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 8,
2004
Abstract
The article presents the results of the German service sector statistic 2001 for company oriented services in the New Länder (without Berlin), which have been derived from data of the regional statistical offices. The article can be regarded as an update of an earlier version (see “Wirtschaft im Wandel”, 12/2003, p.342-349). Fundamental results are: 1. Compared to 2000, the New Länder’s proportion of Germany’s total revenue and employment in company oriented services has, compared to 2000, slightly increased, but remains rather small. 2. The profitability of East German companies has deteriorated, measured by total expenses per sales unit. Partially this might be due to the increased number of businesses. 3. Last evaluation’s assumption, that East German company’s labor productivity (gross value added per employees) is half of the West German’s, has been proofed in this actual evaluation. An illustration of reasons is not being provided since it has been discussed extensively in the first evaluation.
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“Law on loyalty to collectively agreed standards“ - no means for adjusting competitive conditions in construction industry
Andrea Besenthal
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 2,
2004
Abstract
Due to the increasing competition from abroad which is able to offer services for lower prices because of lower wage standards the stress of competition intensifies in Germany. With regard to West Germany the East German companies - paying lower wages – represent an immediate business competition. The supporter of the Tariftreuegesetze (laws concerning the construction industry which restrict public contracts only to contractors who pay union wages) see the laws` advantage in eliminating the existing differences in competitive conditions, which emerge from differences on the wage level. The IWH study concludes that the named wage laws do not seem necessary from an economic point of view.
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Supraregional sales markets: Development chances for companies in the East German manufacturing sector
Brigitte Loose, Udo Ludwig
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 16,
2001
Abstract
In this paper the export activities of the East German manufacturing industry are studied where exports are defined in a broad sense including both sales abroad and in West Germany. Survey data for 1998 and 1999 are used to reveal the relationship between technical as well as institutional characteristics of the companies and their exports. The following questions are discussed: Which companies participate in the export activities? What are the main regions of their business? Which in-house factors influence the export activities? What are the financial outcomes for the companies engaged in exports? Hypotheses are built on the basis of the market transaction costs theory. Bivariate and multivariate approaches are applied. The data are taken from the “Establishment Panel” of the Institute for Employment Research at the Federal Employment Services (IAB) in Nuremberg (Germany).
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Evaluationsbericht: Das Internet strategisch richtig nutzen
Albrecht Kauffmann, P. J. J. Welfens, M. Vogelsang
Diskussionsbeiträge des Europäischen Instituts für Internationale Wirtschaftsbeziehungen (EIIW), Universität Potsdam, Nr. 79,
No. 79,
2001
Abstract
Using the internet and internetbased services is now common among medium and large firms in Germany. However, for smaller firms (SMEs) the use of internet application is a new challenge to which they still have to respond – this is crucial for remaining competitive. The project Adapt2 “Using the Internet in an adaquate and strategic way“ looks into the effects of SMEs' basic steps towards the internet. We focus on adequacy of government promotion of SME activities – specifically firms from the sector producing machinery and equipment are analysed. The project was led by ZENIT GmbH, Mülheim a.d. Ruhr; the whole project also involved participation of the European Institute for International Economic Relations (EIIW). As part of a broader evaluation EIIW also conducted surveys – both focussing on firms involved in the project and in other firms from the same sector. It turned out that specific measures of support indeed were helpful for SMEs; obviously, there is additional need for further practical support and research.
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Obsolete qualification structures restrict growth of business services in the New Länder
Gerald Müller
IWH Discussion Papers,
No. 68,
1998
Abstract
n dem Papier wird untersucht, inwieweit Qualifikationsstrukturen das Wachstum bei den produktionsnahen Dienstleistungen in den neuen Ländern behindern. Die Analyse zeigt, dass in manchen Bereichen (z.B. EDV, Steuer- und Rechtsberatung) in absehbarer Zeit die Nachfrage nach Arbeitskräften trotz der hohen Arbeitslosenquote nicht mehr zu decken sein wird. Für einige Bereiche bieten sich berufliche Weiterqualifizierungsmaßnahmen an, für andere eine verstärkte Berufsausbildung.
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Business fluctuations in the service sector
Thorsten Wichmann
IWH Discussion Papers,
No. 54,
1997
Abstract
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Business cycle is not completed; on the cyclical effects of higher plant and equipment spending in the service sector
Thorsten Wichmann
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 5,
1997
Abstract
Eine Betrachtung des konjunkturellen Verhaltens der Ausrüstungsinvestitionen in Westdeutschland von 1960 bis 1993 zeigt, dass der Dienstleistungssektor 1960 nur für gut ein Viertel der Ausrüstungsinvestitionen verantwortlich zeichnete, 1993 aber schon für mehr als die Hälfte. Stark zugenommen hat der Dienstleistungsbeitrag zu den Schwankungen der Wachstumsrate der Ausrüstungsinvestitionen.
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