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06.09.2018 • 17/2018

The Cyclical upswing in Germany continues, in spite of foreign demand losing momentum

In autumn 2018, the global economy continues to expand quite strongly. Whereas the cyclical upswing in the USA has gained even more strength, the economy in the Euro area has weakened somewhat. To a lesser extent, this also applies to the German economy. “According to this forecast, the growth rate of German real gross domestic product will be 1.8% in 2018 and 1.7% in 2019. The East German economy will expand by 1.5% this year and by 1.4% in 2019”, says Oliver Holtemöller, head of the Department Macroeconomics and vice president at IWH.

Oliver Holtemöller
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Konjunktur aktuell: Aufschwung in Deutschland setzt sich trotz nachlassender Impulse aus dem Ausland fort

Konjunktur aktuell, No. 3, 2018
Abstract
Im Herbst 2018 ist die Weltkonjunktur weiterhin recht kräftig. Allerdings haben die regionalen Differenzen seit Jahresbeginn zugenommen. Während der Aufschwung in den USA auch wegen des starken Impulses durch die dortige Steuerreform noch einmal an Kraft gewonnen hat, ist die Konjunktur im Euroraum etwas schwächer geworden. Der Welthandel hat seit Jahresbeginn kaum noch zugelegt. Eine Ursache dieser Stagnation ist die Verschlechterung der handelspolitischen Rahmenbedingungen. Die Handelskonflikte sind allerdings nur einer von mehreren Risikofaktoren für die deutsche Konjunktur. Hinzu kommen die Möglichkeit eines ungeordneten Austritts Großbritanniens aus der EU im Frühjahr 2019 sowie ein weiterer Verlust an Vertrauen der Finanzmärkte in die Solvenz des italienischen Staates, falls die Regierung Italiens ihre finanzpolitischen Vorhaben in großem Stil umsetzt. Die deutsche Wirtschaft ist seit fünf Jahren im Aufschwung. Wichtige Treiber sind die außerordentlich günstigen Finanzierungsbedingungen und eine starke Expansion der Beschäftigung. Zuletzt hat die Nachfrage aus dem Ausland allerdings an Schwung verloren. Dabei spielt auch die Verteuerung deutscher Produkte aufgrund der Aufwertung des Euro seit dem Frühjahr 2017 eine Rolle. Die in diesem Jahr und besonders im Jahr 2019 expansiv ausgerichtete Finanzpolitik verschafft der Konjunktur Rückenwind, aber hohe Kapazitätsauslastungen und Engpässe beim Beschäftigungsaufbau dürften eine weitere kräftige Expansion behindern. Das reale Bruttoinlandsprodukt liegt nach vorliegender Prognose im Jahr 2018 um 1,8% höher als im Vorjahr, im Jahr 2019 beträgt die Rate 1,7%. Die ostdeutsche Wirtschaft expandiert in diesem Jahr um 1,5% und im Jahr 2019 um 1,4%.
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IWH-Flash-Indikator III. Quartal und IV. Quartal 2018

Katja Heinisch
IWH Flash Indicator, No. 3, 2018
Abstract
Das Expansionstempo der deutschen Wirtschaft hat zuletzt wieder etwas zugenommen. Das Bruttoinlandsprodukt (BIP) stieg im zweiten Quartal 2018 um 0,5%. Der IWH-Flash-Indikator deutet jedoch darauf hin, dass das Expansionstempo in der zweiten Jahreshälfte 2018 schwächer ausfallen wird. Das Bruttoinlandsprodukt dürfte im dritten und vierten Quartal 2018 um 0,4% und 0,3% steigen.
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EFN Report Summer 2018: Economic Outlook for the Euro Area in 2018 and 2019

EFN Reports, No. 3, 2018
Abstract
• In summer 2018 the cyclical upswing of the world economy is not over, but it appears to be fragmenting. While economic activity in the European Union has lost steam, the upswing in the US has gained pace, and growth in China appears to be robust. • Markets for commodities as well as for capital are at present strongly affected by political movements: oil prices are more than 50% higher than one year ago, as the US exit from the Iran nuclear deal puts the long run oil supply from Iran at risk, and the strongly expansionary US tax reform explains the rise in US long run interest rates. . • Uncertainties about the future international trade system cause firms to slow down or even reverse the globalization of value chains. As an early consequence, world trade in the second half of 2018 and in 2019 will expand at much slower rates than during 2017. • In the euro area growth slowed in the first quarter 2018, due to weaker investment activity in France and Italy and, more importantly, a fall in exports in all larger euro area economies except Spain. However, the drivers of the upswing such as low interest rates for credit and expanding real incomes will still be supportive in the near future, and fiscal policies will be slighly more expansionary. But a slowdown in world trade will dent export growth as well as corporate profits. All in all, we expect GDP growth in the euro area to go down from 2.4% in 2017 to 2.1% in 2018 and to 1.7% in 2019 – a forecast that will only be realized if damages to the international trade system are limited and if the European sovereign debt crisis does not come back. • While wage inflation has been slowly increasing during the past quarters to about 2%, a clear upwards trend of core consumer price inflation is still not detectable. The recent jump of the headline rate to 1.9% is due to higher oil prices. Our forecasts for 2018 and 2019 are close, although still below, 2%.
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Konjunktur aktuell: Deutscher Aufschwung schwächt sich ab

Konjunktur aktuell, No. 2, 2018
Abstract
Die jüngste Zuspitzung des von der US-Regierung entfachten handelspolitischen Streits bedeutet ein erhebliches Risiko für Welthandel und internationale Konjunktur. Dennoch sind die weltwirtschaftlichen Aussichten weiter recht günstig. Insbesondere für die USA ist wegen der massiven finanzpolitischen Impulse mit kräftigen Zuwachsraten zu rechnen. Allerdings hat sich die Konjunktur im Euroraum seit Jahresanfang deutlich abgeschwächt, und seit Mai dürften Sorgen um den finanzpolitischen Kurs der neuen Regierung in Italien die wirtschaftlichen Erwartungen in Europa zusätzlich drücken.
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14.06.2018 • 14/2018

Current economic outlook: German upswing is slowing down

In summer 2018, the world economy is still rather strong. Dynamics in the euro area, however, have declined markedly, and the cyclical upswing in Germany has almost stalled, due to weaker exports. “Gross domestic product will, according to this forecast, expand by 1.7% in 2018 and by 1.6% in 2019. Growth in East Germany will be about as strong as in Germany as a whole”, says Oliver Holtemöller, head of the Department Macroeconomics and vice president at IWH.

Oliver Holtemöller
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IWH-Flash-Indikator II. Quartal und III. Quartal 2018

Katja Heinisch
IWH Flash Indicator, No. 2, 2018
Abstract
Die deutsche Wirtschaft hat ihr hohes Expansionstempo zuletzt nicht weiter halten können. Das Bruttoinlandsprodukt (BIP) stieg im ersten Quartal 2018 nur noch um 0,3% und damit deutlich langsamer als vom IWH-Flash-Indikator im Februar 2018 prognostiziert. Derzeit deutet der IWH-Flash-Indikator darauf hin, dass das Expansionstempo im Sommerhalbjahr 2018 konstant bleiben wird. Das Bruttoinlandsprodukt dürfte auch im zweiten und dritten Quartal 2018 jeweils um 0,3% steigen.
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EFN Report Spring 2018: Economic Outlook for the Euro Area in 2018 and 2019

EFN Reports, No. 2, 2018
Abstract
• The world economy is booming. The global upswing is investment-driven, and since investment goods usually have a large import content, it is no surprise that world trade has been buoyant during winter. The very expansionary US fiscal policy (tax reform and lifting of spending caps) could give an additional shortterm stimulus for the world economy. • However, we forecast world trade to slow down during 2018. The US administration’s announcement of high tariffs on steel and aluminium comes close to triggering a spiral into a broader trade conflict. Moreover, the globalization of value chains has been slowing down since the financial crisis due to the industrial upgrading in China and in other emerging economies that has declined processing trade. In addition, some types of manufacturing jobs have returned to source countries (reshoring) in response to technology innovation and lower labour costs differentials. • The euro area is in the middle of a broad based cyclical upswing. Higher exports and improved expectations have induced firms to invest more into equipment, as capacity utilization has been above average for some time now and is still increasing, and financing costs are very low. However, recent soft indicators, but also industrial production have been surprisingly downbeat, and there was some turbulence in financial markets, which suggests some caution. • The ECB will probably stop its asset purchase program at the end of 2018, but only later in 2019 start raising interest rates. Fiscal policy in the euro area is slightly expansionary this year, and a notable fiscal stimulus in France and in Germany is to be expected for 2019. • Overall, we forecast euro area GDP to expand by 2.2% in 2018 and by 1.6% in 2019. Accelerating wage dynamics will, together with higher price setting powers of firms and the recent increase in oil prices, cause consumer price inflation rising to nearly to 2% in 2019. Uncertainty, is however substantial, as a slight slowdown cannot be ruled out, which would also impact inflation dynamics.
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Germany’s Economic Experts Raise Forecast Slightly: Joint Economic Forecast Spring 2018

Externe Monographien, 2018
Abstract
The German economy continues to boom, but the air is getting thinner. Unused economic capacities are gradually shrinking, leading to a slight loss of economic impetus. The pace of economic expansion nevertheless remains brisk: the upturn in the world economy will continue to stimulate exports; and the domestic economy is also expected to remain buoyant thanks to the exceptionally favourable situation in the labour market. The fiscal measures outlined by Germany’s new government in its coalition agreement can be expected to stimulate demand. Annual average economic output can be expected to rise by 2.2 percent this year and by 2.0 percent in 2019. This represents a 0.2 percentage point increase in the institutes’ assessment of growth in gross domestic product versus their autumn 2017 forecast. Employment will continue to see clear growth, but will be weakened by labour market shortages. At the same time, gross wages can be expected to increase markedly. The inflation rate will also rise gradually from 1.7 percent this year to 1.9 percent in 2019.
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15.03.2018 • 3/2018

Consistently strong economy, but risks are increasing

The global upswing continues in 2018. The German economy is cur-rently in a boom and is increasingly coming up against capacity limits. “According to our forecast, gross domestic product will expand by 2.2% in 2018; the general government surplus will amount to 1.1% in relation to gross domestic product. Economic growth in East Germany is likely to be slightly below the German growth rate”, says Oliver Holtemöller, head of the Department Macroeconomics and IWH vice president.

Oliver Holtemöller
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