Armutsbekämpfung durch Einkommensumverteilung. Zu den Zielen und Finanzierungsproblemen eines Grundeinkommens
Ingmar Kumpmann
Berliner Debatte Initial Bd. 18 (2),
2007
Abstract
The basic income is introduced as a concept capable of improving inadequate poverty reduction schemes, especially by removing state controls of the ability and willingness to work. The welfare system will become more independent of wage-based social security contributions. The main challenge for the basic income model is financing. However, at the core of this challenge is not the question how large amounts of money can be raised, but rather the consequences for incentive mechanisms (and production). These are the limitations of the concept.
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Das Grundeinkommen - Potenziale und Grenzen eines Reformvorschlags
Ingmar Kumpmann
Wirtschaftsdienst,
No. 9,
2006
Abstract
Currently the idea of introducing a Basic Income is politically debated. A Basic Income is “an income paid by a political community to all its members, without means test or consideration” (Vanderborght/Van Parijs). It would replace the existing tax and welfare schemes which guarantee the subsistence levels for all individuals. The Basic Income would prevent poverty, simplify the tax and social security system and disburden labour from the costs of social security. It would put an end to the highly problematic governmental controls concerning the ability and willingness of the unemployed to work. The main challenges of the proposal are the difficulty of funding and the danger of reduced labour incentives, problems which limit the possibility for implementing the model.
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Microeconometric Evaluation of Selected ESF-funded ALMP-Programmes
Eva Reinowski, Birgit Schultz
IWH Discussion Papers,
No. 17,
2006
Abstract
The study evaluates different ESF-funded labour market programmes by comparing the labour market status at different points in time after the treatment. In order to solve the selection problem we employ a standard matching algorithm with a multi-dimensional distance measure. The effects of the analyzed programmes (wage subsidies, start-up subsidies and qualification measures for recipients of social welfare) are very heterogeneous. It can be observed that the direct integration into the regular labour market provides an advantage for the supported individuals. Its lasting effects, however, strongly depend on the group of persons being supported, the type of treatment and the employers’ financial share.
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Institutional settings of social assistance: What is improved or unsolved by the
Joachim Wilde
Institutionen und Arbeitsmarkt: Messkonzepte, Wirkungszusammenhänge und internationaler Vergleich,
2006
Abstract
The last reform of benefits for long-term unemployed in Germany ("Hartz IV") did not reduce costs. Moreover, the number of recipients is much higher than it was expected before. Therefore, the institutional settings might be less effective than they could be. Initially, the paper describes the institutional changes by the "Hartz IV" reform. Afterwards, these changes are evaluated with respect to their effects on the number of recipients. The evaluation is based on the results of econometric studies concerning the former social assistance. It is pointed out that the reform improved basic conditions and incentives only partly, whereas some of its elements worsened the institutional settings.
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Can EU Policy Intervention Help Productivity Catch-Up?
Johannes Stephan, P. Holmes, J. Lopez-Gonzales, C. Stolberg
Closing the EU East-West Productivity Gap - Foreign direct Investment, Competitiveness, and Public Policy,
2006
Abstract
"A product of the Framework V research project, this book addresses one of the key problems facing the EU today: Why is the ‘new’ EU so much poorer than the ‘old’, and how will EU enlargement help to solve the problem? Focusing on the productivity problems underlying the East-West gap, it looks in particular at the role that foreign investment and R&D can play in closing it. Against that background, the book assesses what role proactive development policy might play in attacking the roots of low social productivity. Concluding that there will be a clear-cut process of convergence between East and West, albeit an incomplete one, it finishes with an assessment of the patterns of competitiveness, East and West, that are likely to emerge from this process of incomplete convergence."
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Progressivity and flexibility in developing an effective competition regime: using experiences of Poland, Ukraine and South Africa for developing countries. Forschungsbericht innerhalb des EU-Projektes: Competition Policy Foundations for Trade Reform, Regulatory Reform, and Sustainable Development, 2005
Franz Kronthaler, Johannes Stephan
One-off Publications,
No. 5,
2005
Abstract
The paper discusses the role of the concept of special and differential treatment in the framework of regional trade agreements for the development of a competition regime. After a discussion of the main characteristics and possible shortfalls of those concepts, three case countries are assessed in terms of their experience with progressivity, flexibility, and technical and financial assistance: Poland was led to align its competition laws to match the model of the EU. The Ukraine opted voluntarily for the European model, this despite its intense integration mainly with Russia. South Africa, a developing country that emerged from a highly segregated social fabric and an economy dominated by large conglomerates with concentrated ownership. All three countries enacted (or comprehensively reformed) their competition laws in an attempt to face the challenges of economic integration and catch up development on the one hand and particular social problems on the other. Hence, their experience may be pivotal for a variety of different developing countries who are in negotiations to include competition issues in regional trade agreements. The results suggest that the design of such competition issues have to reflect country-particularities to achieve an efficient competition regime.
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Determinanten des Sozialhilfebezugs – Ökonometrische Studien zu Anreizethik und Simultanität in der sozialen Grundsicherung
Joachim Wilde
Schriften des IWH,
No. 23,
2006
Abstract
In der wirtschaftswissenschaftlichen Diskussion wird die hohe Zahl von Sozialhilfeempfängern vor allem damit begründet, dass der Lohnabstand zwischen Erwerbstätigkeit und Sozialhilfe zu gering sei. Folglich lohne es sich nicht zu arbeiten. Eine statistische Absicherung dieser Aussage fehlt jedoch ebenso wie die Einbeziehung alternativer Anreizfaktoren in eine multiple Analyse. Darüber hinaus kann das Argument nicht erklären, warum ein hoher Anteil derjenigen Haushalte, die einen Anspruch auf Sozialhilfe haben, diesen nicht geltend macht. Die vorliegende Untersuchung schließt diese Lücken. Zum einen wird ein neues theoretisches Konzept der Anreizethik entwickelt und gemeinsam mit der Lohnabstandshypothese geprüft. Zum anderen werden bei der Analyse der Nichtinanspruchnahme methodische Schwächen der bisherigen Analysen beseitigt. Übertragen auf die Hartz IV-Reform lassen die Ergebnisse erwarten, dass die Nichtinanspruchnahme der Sozialleistung zurückgehen wird, während sich die Anreize zur Überwindung des Bezugs z. T. sogar verschlechtert haben.
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Are Botswana and Mozambique ready for CMA enlargement?
Tobias Knedlik
Botswana Journal of Economics,
No. 3,
2006
Abstract
The paper elaborates on the appropriateness of a potentially enlarged Common Monetary Area in Southern Africa including Botswana and Mozambique. The theory of optimum currency areas including some extensions by accounting for costs of non-integration and considering the external relations of currency areas are presented. Various indicators such as the structure of the economies, interest rates, inflation rates, exchange rates, factor mobility and trading partners are observed empirically. The paper concludes that current changes in the exchange rate policy of Botswana are expected to lead to increasing, though already high, convergence with CMA countries. Botswana is therefore an appropriate candidate for CMA enlargement. Mozambique is converging towards South Africa but still remains on a lower level. Taking into account the costs of non-integration, however, the target of integration should be formulated for the medium term.
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Where do we go? Common Policies in an Enlarged European Union – The Case of Social Policy
Götz Zeddies
Unification of European Economies: Opportunities and Threats,
2004
Abstract
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Pension with 67? – A comment
Herbert S. Buscher
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 2,
2006
Abstract
In der Antike, so wird es überliefert, wurde der Überbringer schlechter Nachrichten nach der Übermittlung getötet. War die Nachricht, das Renteneintrittsalter von derzeit 65 Jahren schrittweise auf 67 Jahre zu erhöhen, eine schlechte Nachricht? Die Antwort ist eindeutig nein. Denn die Verlängerung der Lebensarbeitszeit bzw. die Erhöhung des Eintrittsalters ist eine richtige und notwendige Entscheidung, will doch die Mehrzahl der Arbeitnehmer auch zukünftig, wenn sie in den Ruhestand wechseln, eine Rente beziehen. Es ist seit Jahren bekannt, daß die gegenwärtigen sozialen Sicherungssysteme in ihrer derzeitigen Form nicht mehr haltbar sind und deswegen dringend reformiert werden müssen. Ebenfalls liegen seit Jahren die entsprechenden Vorschläge hierfür auf den Tisch – allerdings hatte die Politik lange Zeit nicht den Mut, frühzeitig mit den notwendigen Reformen zu beginnen. Statt dessen hat sie es in der Vergangenheit unterlassen, die Bevölkerung systematisch auf die erforderlichen Veränderungen einzustimmen. Eher das Gegenteil ist der Fall. Mit den vielfältigen Programmen zur Frühverrentung wollte die Politik den Arbeitsmarkt entlasten und die Arbeitslosigkeit „senken“. Hierdurch suggerierte sie der Öffentlichkeit, daß ein früheres Rentneralter nicht nur möglich, sondern auch finanzierbar sei und den Rentenbeziehern eine „ausreichende“ Rente gezahlt werden könne.
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