This paper examines how initial public offerings (IPOs) affect firms' internal organization. We find that IPO firms become more hierarchical and standardized organizations, characterized by additional layers, more managers, smaller control spans, and larger administrative functions. These changes occur mostly in preparation for the IPO and can be only partially explained by growth. IPO firms with greater human capital risk experience larger hierarchical changes. Hierarchical changes help firms standardize employee roles and formalize internal processes. Our results suggest that firms reorganize to reduce their dependence on key individuals' human capital when transitioning to public markets.

*** Reale Netto-Tariflohnverluste 2026/2027 im Öffentlichen Dienst der Länder *** Die Tarifvertragsparteien des öffentlichen Dienstes der Länder haben sich am Wochenende auf einen neuen Tarifabschluss geeinigt. Für die ersten fünf Monate wurde eine „Nullrunde“ vereinbart. Die erste Tariflohnerhöhung von 2,8%, mindestens jedoch 100 Euro pro Monat, erfolgt ab April 2026. Elf Monate später, im März 2027, folgt die nächste Anhebung um 2,0%. Zum Ende der vereinbarten Laufzeit im Januar 2028 werden die regulären Tabellenentgelte nochmals um 1,0% erhöht. Die Tariflohnzuwächse dürften damit leicht über den erwarteten Preissteigerungen liegen. Die derzeit absehbaren zusätzlichen Belastungen durch weiter steigende Sozialabgaben und höhere Lohnsteuern können dadurch jedoch nicht vollständig ausgeglichen werden.

Der Beitrag untersucht die mittelfristige Entwicklung der deutschen Wirtschaft und der öffentlichen Finanzen vor dem Hintergrund der seit 2025 geltenden neuen EU-Fiskalregeln und der jüngsten Lockerung der nationalen Schuldenbremse. Im Mittelpunkt steht die Frage, ob und unter welchen Bedingungen Deutschland die europäischen Vorgaben zu Defizit, Schuldenstand und Nettoprimärausgaben einhalten kann.

The effects of private equity buyouts on employment, productivity, and job reallocation vary tremendously with macroeconomic and credit conditions, across private equity groups, and by type of buyout. We reach this conclusion by examining the most extensive database of U.S. buyouts ever compiled, encompassing thousands of buyout targets from 1980 to 2013 and millions of control firms. Employment shrinks 12% over two years after buyouts of publicly listed firms—on average, and relative to control firms—but expands 15% after buyouts of privately held firms. Postbuyout productivity gains at target firms are large on average and much larger yet for deals executed amid tight credit conditions. A postbuyout tightening of credit conditions or slowing of gross domestic product growth curtails employment growth and intrafirm job reallocation at target firms. We also show that buyout effects differ across the private equity groups that sponsor buyouts, and these differences persist over time at the group level. Rapid upscaling in deal flow at the group level brings lower employment growth at target firms. We relate these findings to theories of private equity that highlight agency problems at portfolio firms and within the private equity industry itself.

Schriftliche Anhörung des Finanzausschusses des Landtags Mecklenburg-Vorpommern

Welche Wachstumsimpulse können zusätzliche, kreditfinanzierte Finanzmittel für Infrastruktur, Klimaneutralität und Verteidigung in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern setzen? Im Rahmen einer schriftlichen Anhörung des Finanzausschusses des Landtages Mecklenburg-Vorpommern beantwortet das IWH Fragen zur Verwendung der Finanzmittel und zur möglichen Wirkung von zusätzlichen Investitionen auf das Produktionspotenzial und das Wirtschaftswachstum in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. Angesichts der demographischen Entwicklung ist die Arbeitsproduktivität der Schlüssel zur Verbesserung der Wachstumsaussichten des Landes.

We examine employment and patient outcomes at hospitals acquired by private equity (PE) firms and PE-backed hospitals. While employment declines at PE-acquired hospitals, core medical workers (physicians, nurses, and pharmacists) increase significantly. The proportion of wages paid to core workers increases at PE-acquired hospitals whereas the proportion paid to administrative employees declines. These results are most pronounced for deals where the acquirers are publicly traded PE-backed hospitals. Non-PE-backed acquirers also cut employment but do not increase core workers or reduce administrative expenditures. Finally, PE-backed acquirers are not associated with worse patient satisfaction or mortality rates compared to their non-PE-backed counterparts.

This paper documents substantial fiscal waste in the context of one the world’s largest regional development programs – the EU Cohesion Policy. We study Italy, and find that 20% of funding commitments are never paid out and funneled into unfinished or never-started projects. In our setting, this happens for reasons unrelated to fiscal constraints – municipalities appear to simply leave money on the table. Foregone spending is more prevalent in Southern regions, but there is also stark variation across municipalities within regions. We show that such under-utilization of available funds is strongly associated with limited administrative capacity of local governments.

We study the effects of Tax Authority (IRS) attention on a firm’s financial reporting. We explore whether firms institute a higher degree of accounting conservatism in response to IRS monitoring. Using data on IRS acquisition of public firms’ 10-K financial disclosures to proxy for IRS attention, we find that when firms are under IRS attention, they tend to initiate higher levels of unconditional and, to some extent, conditional accounting conservatism. We alleviate some of the endogeneity concerns by using pre- and post-IRS attention environments between the treated group (firms with IRS attention) and a propensity score that matches the control group of firms (no IRS attention). These results withstand several robustness tests and subsample analyses.