Jobs in East German manufacturing sector – The difficult road to profitability and competitiveness
Hans-Ulrich Brautzsch, Hilmar Schneider
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 3,
1995
Abstract
Die amtlichen Daten, die zur Beurteilung der Wettbewerbsfähigkeit ostdeutscher Unterneh-men herangezogen werden, leiden maßgeblich unter einem Aggregationsproblem. In der Durchschnittsbetrachtung führt das Nebeneinander von wettbewerbsfähigen und teilweise noch immer extrem unrentablen Betrieben zu dem verzerrten Eindruck eines generellen Wettbewerbsmangels ostdeutscher Betriebe. Ergebnisse eines sogenannten matched-pair-Vergleichs zeigten hingegen, dass bereits 1992 jeder neunte Betrieb in Ostdeutschland im Durchschnitt eine höhere Arbeitsproduktivität aufwies als ein vergleichbarer westdeutscher Betrieb. Angesichts niedrigerer Löhne ist der Anteil wettbewerbsfähiger Betriebe in Ostdeutschland noch weitaus höher anzusetzen.
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Uncovered Workers in Plants Covered by Collective Bargaining: Who Are They and How Do They Fare?
Boris Hirsch, Philipp Lentge, Claus Schnabel
Abstract
In Germany, employers used to pay union members and non-members in a plant the same union wage in order to prevent workers from joining unions. Using recent administrative data, we investigate which workers in firms covered by collective bargaining agreements still individually benefit from these union agreements, which workers are not covered anymore, and what this means for their wages. We show that about 9 percent of workers in plants with collective agreements do not enjoy individual coverage (and thus the union wage) anymore. Econometric analyses with unconditional quantile regressions and firm-fixed-effects estimations demonstrate that not being individually covered by a collective agreement has serious wage implications for most workers. Low-wage non-union workers and those at low hierarchy levels particularly suffer since employers abstain from extending union wages to them in order to pay lower wages. This jeopardizes unions' goal of protecting all disadvantaged workers.
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Private Equity in the Hospital Industry
Janet Gao, Yongseok Kim, Merih Sevilir
Journal of Financial Economics,
2099
Abstract
We examine employment and patient outcomes at hospitals acquired by private equity (PE) firms and PE-backed hospitals. While employment declines at PE-acquired hospitals, core medical workers (physicians, nurses, and pharmacists) increase significantly. The proportion of wages paid to core workers increases at PE-acquired hospitals whereas the proportion paid to administrative employees declines. These results are most pronounced for deals where the acquirers are publicly traded PE-backed hospitals. Non-PE-backed acquirers also cut employment but do not increase core workers or reduce administrative expenditures. Finally, PE-backed acquirers are not associated with worse patient satisfaction or mortality rates compared to their non-PE-backed counterparts.
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