The integration of imperfect financial markets: Implications for business cycle volatility
Claudia M. Buch, C. Pierdzioch
Journal of Policy Modeling,
No. 7,
2005
Abstract
During the last two decades, the degree of openness of national financial systems has increased substantially. At the same time, asymmetries in information and other financial market frictions have remained prevalent. We study the implications of the opening up of national financial systems in the presence of financial market frictions for business cycle volatility. In our empirical analysis, we show that countries with more developed financial systems have lower business cycle volatility. Financial openness has no strong impact on business cycle volatility, in contrast. In our theoretical analysis, we study the implications of the opening up of national financial markets and of financial market frictions for business cycle volatility using a dynamic macroeconomic model of an open economy. We find that the implications of opening up national financial markets for business cycle volatility are largely unaffected by the presence of financial market frictions.
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A Monetary Vector Error Correction Model of the Euro Area and Implications for Monetary Policy
Oliver Holtemöller
Empirical Economics,
No. 3,
2004
Abstract
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Competition Policy in Central Eastern Europe in the Light of EU Accession
Jens Hölscher
Journal of Common Market Studies,
No. 2,
2004
Abstract
This study reviews the progress made in EU accession candidates on competition policy. The analysis shows that institution-building and legislation are well under way and that anti-trust practice is not too lax. Due to the diversity among the accession countries under review, the study finds that the strictly rule-based frame work of the EU might not be the most favourable solution for some candidates: firstly, the small and open economies of most candidates make it particularly difficult to define the ‘relevant market’ in competition cases. Secondly, the traditionally intense vertical integration of production in accession states calls for a reassessment of ‘vertical restraints’. The policy implications of this study suggest that the EU competition task force should take a proactive, case-by-case approach vis-à-vis its new members.
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Competition Policy in Central East Europe in light of EU Accession
Johannes Stephan
Journal of Common Market Studies,
2004
Abstract
This study reviews the progress made in EU accession candidates on competition policy. The analysis shows that institution-building and legislation are well under way and that anti-trust practice is not too lax. Due to the diversity among the accession countries under review, the study finds that the strictly rule-based frame work of the EU might not be the most favourable solution for some candidates: firstly, the small and open economies of most candidates make it particularly difficult to define the ‘relevant market’ in competition cases. Secondly, the traditionally intense vertical integration of production in accession states calls for a reassessment of ‘vertical restraints’. The policy implications of this study suggest that the EU competition task force should take a proactive, case-by-case approach vis-à-vis its new members.
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A macroeconometric model for the Euro economy
Christian Dreger
IWH Discussion Papers,
No. 181,
2003
Abstract
In this paper a structural macroeconometric model for the Eurozone is presented. In opposite to the multi country modelling approach, the model relies on aggregate data on the supra-national level. Due to nonstationarity, all equations are estimated in an error correction form. The cointegrating relations are derived jointly with the short-run dynamics, avoiding the finite sample bias of the two step Engle Granger procedure. The validity of the aggregated approach is confirmed by out-of-sample forecasts and two simulation exercises. In particular the implications of a lower economic recovery in the US and a shock in the nominal Euro area interest rate are discussed.
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A Study of the Competitiveness of Regions based on a Cluster Analysis: The Example of East Germany
Franz Kronthaler
IWH Discussion Papers,
No. 179,
2003
Abstract
This paper examines whether some East German regions have already achieved the same economic capability as the regions in West Germany, so that they are on a competitive basis with the West German regions and are able to reach the same economic level in the long run. If this is not the case, it is important to know more about the reasons for the economic weakness of the East German regions twelve years after unification.
The study is based on a cluster analysis. Criteria for the cluster formation are several economic indicators, which provide information about the economic capability of regions. The choice of the indicators is based on a review of results of the theoretical and empirical literature on the new growth theory and new economic geography.
The results show that most of the East German regions have not yet reached the economic capability and competitiveness of their West German counterparts so that they - from the viewpoint of the new growth theory and the new economic geography - are not in the position to reach the same economic level. According to these theories economic disadvantages are most notably the consequences of less technical progress, a lack of entrepreneurship and fewer business concentration. Under these points it is especially noteworthy that young well educated people leave these East German regions so that human capital might will turn into a bottle-neck in the near future. Only a few regions in East Germany - those with important agglomerations - are comparable to West German regions that are characterised by average capability and competitiveness, but not to those with above average economic capability and competitiveness. Even those more advanced East German regions still suffer from a slower technical progress.
There are important policy implications based on these results: regional policy in East Germany was not able to assist raising all regions to a sufficient level of competitiveness. It may be more effective to concentrate the regional policy efforts on a selection of important agglomerations. This has also strong implications for the EU regional policy assuming that the accession countries will have similar problems in catching up to the economic level of the EU as have the East German regions.
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Bank Concentration and Retail Interest Rates
S. Corvoisier, Reint E. Gropp
Journal of Banking and Finance,
No. 11,
2002
Abstract
The recent wave of mergers in the euro area raises the question whether the increase in concentration has offset the increase in competition in European banking through deregulation. We test this question by estimating a simple Cournot model of bank pricing. We construct country and product specific measures of bank concentration and find that for loans and demand deposits increasing concentration may have resulted in less competitive pricing by banks, whereas for savings and time deposits, the model is rejected, suggesting increases in contestability and/or efficiency in these markets. Finally, the paper discusses some implications for tests of the effect of concentration on monetary policy transmission.
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Analysing UDROP: An instrument for stabilizing the international financial architecture
Axel Lindner
International Finance,
No. 1,
2001
Abstract
This paper analyses implications of a proposal, called UDROP, to reform the standards of international debt contracts. The idea is to give borrowers a roll-over option at maturity for a specified length of time. Using recently developed models of financial crises, the paper shows for which type of crisis UDROP is beneficial. Moral hazard of the borrower is one of the problems UDROP faces which can be addressed by appropriately designing the debt contract.
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Implications of the monetary union for macroeconomic models
Rüdiger Pohl, Heinz P. Hrsg. Galler
Schriften des IWH,
No. 8,
2001
Abstract
Mit der Einführung der Europäischen Währungsunion haben sich strukturelle und institutionelle Veränderungen ergeben, die bei der Evaluation wirtschaftspolitischer Maßnahmen auf der Basis makroökonometrischer Modelle in Rechnung gestellt werden müssen. So wird die Geldpolitik nur noch einheitlich für den Raum der Währungsunion durchgeführt und ist daher nicht länger Instrument der nationalen Wirtschaftspolitik. Dagegen dürfte die Lohnpolitik eine stärkere Rolle für die Entwicklung der Beschäf tigung einnehmen. Bei einer gegebenen Inflationsrate in der Währungsunion schlagen sich regionale Erhöhungen der Nominallöhne in gleichgerichteten Reallohnsteigerungen nieder. Sofern diese nicht durch die im Zeitpunkt der Lohnverhandlungen erwartete nationale Produktivitätsentwicklung gedeckt ist, ergeben sich unmittelbar Wettbe werbsnachteile für die inländischen Unternehmen, die nicht mehr über eine Änderung der Währungsparitäten kompensiert werden können.
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Does East Germany need a new technology policy? – Implications from the functioning of the R&D market after the transformation
Ralf Müller
IWH Discussion Papers,
No. 145,
2001
Abstract
Einen wesentlichen Teil der Wirtschaftsförderung in Ostdeutschland bildet die Förde-rung unternehmerischer Forschung und Entwicklung (FuE). Trotzdem bestehen noch zehn Jahre nach der Vereinigung erhebliche Defizite Ostdeutschlands für die Herstellung von Technologiegütern. Dies wirft die Frage auf, ob überhaupt eine spezielle För-derung von FuE-Aktivitäten sinnvoll ist oder aber, soweit dies der Fall ist, die derzeit ergriffenen Maßnahmen nicht wirksam und daher durch andere zu ersetzen sind. Hierzu zeigt sich, dass generell eine Technologiepolitik für Ostdeutschland durch das dortige Fehlen von Netzwerken begründbar ist; ohne eine dies kompensierende Förderung droht ein Fortbestand der schwachen Aktivität Ostdeutschlands in der Erstellung von Technologiegütern und damit entsprechende Einkommensnachteile. Ein Gutteil der für Ost-deutschland angewandten technologiepolitischen Instrumente ist jedoch nicht problemadäquat, da keine Beiträge zur Netzwerkbildung entstehen. Eine künftige ostdeutsche Technologiepolitik sollte dem Rechenschaft tragen, so insbesondere durch eine ver-stärkte Förderung von FuE-Infrastruktur, die die Bildung solcher Netzwerke erleichtert.
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