A Novel Approach to Incubator Evaluations: The PROMETHEE Outranking Procedures
Michael Schwartz, Maximilian Göthner
IWH Discussion Papers,
No. 1,
2009
Abstract
Considerable public resources are devoted to the establishment and operation of business incubators (BIs), which are seen as catalysts for the promotion of entrepreneurship, innovation activities and regional development. Despite the vast amount of research that has focused on the outcomes or effectiveness of incubator initiatives and how to measure incubator performance, there is still little understanding of how to determine incubators that are more effective than others. Based on data from 410 graduate firms, this paper applies the multi-criteria outranking technique PROMETHEE (Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment Evaluation) and compares the long-term effectiveness of five technology-oriented BIs in Germany. This is the first time that outranking procedures are used in incubator evaluations. In particular, we investigate whether PROMETHEE is a well-suited methodological approach for the evaluation and comparisons in the specific context of business incubation.
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How Does Industry Specialization Affect the Efficiency of Regional Innovation Systems?
Michael Fritsch, Viktor Slavtchev
Jena Economic Research Papers, Nr. 2008-058,
No. 58,
2008
Abstract
This study analyzes the relationship between the specialization of a region in certain industries and the efficiency of the region in generating new knowledge. The efficiency measure is constructed by relating regional R&D input and output. An inversely u-shaped relationship is found between regional specialization and R&D efficiency, indicating the presence of externalities of both Marshall and Jacobs’ type. Further factors influencing efficiency are spillovers within the private sector as well as from public research institutions. The impact of both the specialization and the additional factors is, however, different for regions at different efficiency levels.
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Inventory and analysis of national public policies that stimulate research in biotechnology, its exploitation and commercialisation by industry in Europe in the period 2002–2005.
C. Enzing, A. van der Guissen, Sander van der Molen
Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities,
2007
Abstract
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Inventory and analysis of national public policies that stimulate biotechnology research, its exploitation and commercialisation by industry in Europe in the period 2002–2005: Final Report
Inventory and analysis of national public policies that stimulate research in biotechnology, its exploitation and commercialisation by industry in Europe in the period 2002–2005,
2007
Abstract
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What Determines the Efficiency of Regional Innovation Systems?
Michael Fritsch, Viktor Slavtchev
Jena Economic Research Papers, Nr. 2007-006,
No. 6,
2007
Abstract
We assess the efficiency of regional innovation systems (RIS) in Germany by means of a knowledge production function. This function relates private sector research and development (R&D) activity in a region to the number of inventions that have been registered by residents of that region. Different measures and estimation approaches lead to rather similar assessments. We find that both spillovers within the private sector as well as from universities and other public research institutions have a positive effect on the efficiency of private sector R&D in the respective region. It is not the mere presence and size of public research institutions, but rather the intensity of interactions between private and public sector R&D that leads to high RIS efficiency. We find that relationship between the diversity of a regions’ industry structure and the efficiency of its innovation system is inversely u-shaped. Regions dominated by large establishments tend to be less efficient than regions with a lower average establishment size.
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Negotiated Third Party Access - an Industrial Organisation Perspective
Christian Growitsch, Thomas Wein
European Journal of Law and Economics,
2005
Abstract
In the course of the liberalization of European energy markets, the German government opted – diverging from all other European countries – for Negotiated Third-Party Access. In this article we analyze if, theoretically, this institutional regime can be superior to regulation. We review empirically whether certain aspects of the actual implementation, in particular publication of the network access charges for each network supplier, facilitated or inhibited competition. In the first place we reconsider previous research, showing that NTPA can – under certain conditions – be economically effective. Our empirical analysis shows that the duty of publishing access charges supported market transparency and imposed a regulatory threat, particularly to suppliers with significantly above-average charges. On the other hand observable price adjustments over time serve as an indicator of tacit collusion. Although the expensive suppliers cut their prices, the cheaper ones raised theirs.
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Employment restraints in public service - considering scientific assistants in research establishments
Herbert Buscher
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 6,
2005
Abstract
Spätestens mit den so genannten Hartz-Reformen auf dem Arbeitsmarkt verstärkt sich das Interesse der Öffentlichkeit an der Arbeitsvermittlung und ihrer Wirksamkeit. Eine effiziente Arbeitsvermittlung ist nicht nur wünschenswert, sondern auch notwendige Voraussetzung für einen spürbaren Abbau von Arbeitslosigkeit. Aber die Vermittlung allein ist nur eine notwendige, keine hinreichende Bedingung dafür, dass die Arbeitsuchenden auch entsprechende Beschäftigungsverhältnisse abschließen können. Gesetzliche und tarifvertragliche Regelungen können trotz aller Vermittlungsbemühungen dazu führen, dass potenzielle Arbeitsplätze nicht besetzt werden.
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Markets for Bank Subordinated Debt and Equity in Basel Committee Member Countries
Reint E. Gropp, Jukka M. Vesala
BCBS Working Papers, No. 12,
No. 12,
2003
Abstract
This Basel Committee working paper is a study of the markets for banks' securities in ten countries (Belgium, France, Germany, Japan, the Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and the United States). It aims at contributing to the assessment of the potential effectiveness of direct and indirect market discipline. This is achieved through collecting a rich set of data on the detailed characteristics of the instruments used by banks to tap capital markets, the frequency and size of their issuance activity, and the share of issuing banks in national banking systems. Further, information is collected on the amounts of debt and equity outstanding and about trading volumes and liquidity. Developments over the period from 1990-2001 are evaluated.
The paper focuses on subordinated bonds among banks' debt instruments, because they are the prime class of uninsured instruments suited to generate market discipline and have been proposed by some observers as a mandatory requirement for banks.
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Public Research Institutions in East Germany: a Promising Base for Economic Upturn?
Gerhard Heimpold, Martin T. W. Rosenfeld
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 15,
2001
Abstract
Im vergangenen Jahrzehnt ist viel getan worden, um in Ostdeutschland die öffentliche Forschung auszubauen. Ein Blick auf wichtige Indikatoren zeigt allerdings ein ambivalentes Bild der öffentlichen Forschung in Ostdeutschland. Die Investitionen im Hochschulbereich und in der außeruniversitären Forschung lagen zwar über dem Niveau in den alten Ländern – es verbleibt jedoch eine Kapitalstocklücke gegenüber den alten Bundesländern. Der Besatz mit FuE-Personal in den Hochschulen erreichte 1998 beinahe das Niveau in den alten Ländern. In der ingenieurwissenschaftlichen Hochschulforschung, die zu den besonders wirtschaftsnahen Disziplinen zählt, stellt sich die Ausstattung mit Personal und neuem Sachkapital in den neuen Ländern besser als im Westen dar. Für die naturwissenschaftliche Hochschulforschung
trifft dies hingegen nicht zu. Betrachtet man die Einnahmen der Hochschulen aus Drittmitteln als einen möglichen Indikator für die Qualität der öffentlichen FuE, so lassen sich in Ostdeutschland noch Defizite erkennen, die allerdings zum Teil auch dem erst allmählich abgeschlossenen Aufbau
der ostdeutschen Hochschullandschaft geschuldet sind. Die außeruniversitäre Forschung in Ostdeutschland ist offenbar besser ausgebaut als im Westen. Die erkennbaren Vorzüge der ostdeutschen öffentlichen FuE könnten in Zukunft noch stärker für den wirtschaftlichen Aufbau in den neuen Länder genutzt werden. Gleichzeitig sollten die noch gegebenen Defizite im Bereich der FuE in Ostdeutschland beseitigt werden. Sofern Einschränkungen im Hochschulbereich (etwa aufgrund sinkender Abiturientenzahlen) unvermeidlich erscheinen, sollten die regionalen Wirkungen dieser Einschränkungen sorgfältig überdacht werden.
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Employment miracle Czech Republic: Low wages and a lot of public administration
Hilmar Schneider, Hubert Gabrisch
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 3,
1997
Abstract
Der Beitrag befasst sich mit der Arbeitsmarktsituation in Tschechien und den Ursachen für das bis 1995 im Vergleich zu Ostdeutschland auffallend gute Abschneiden hinsichtlich der Erwerbstätigenquote.
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