Transfer Payments without Growth: Evidence for German Regions, 1992–2005
Michael Koetter, Michael Wedow
International Journal of Urban and Regional Research,
No. 4,
2013
Abstract
After German reunification, interregional subsidies accounted for approximately 4% of gross fixed capital investment in the new federal states (i.e. those which were formerly part of the German Democratic Republic). We show that, between 1992 and 2005, infrastructure and corporate investment subsidies had a negative net impact on regional economic growth and convergence. This result is robust to both the specification of spatially weighted control variables and the use of instrumental variable techniques to control for the endogeneity of subsidies. Our results suggest that regional redistribution was ineffective, potentially due to a lack of spatial concentration to create growth poles.
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Human Capital Mobility and Regional Convergence
Lutz Schneider, Alexander Kubis
Regional Studies,
2012
Abstract
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Methods and Problems of Regional Economic Projections
Maike Irrek, Oliver Holtemöller
Flächennutzungsmonitoring IV. Genauere Daten – informierte Akteure – praktisches Handeln. IÖR-Schriften 60,
2012
Abstract
Regionale ökonomische Projektionen sind wichtig für die politische Entscheidungsfindung in vielen Bereichen, so auch bei der Flächennutzung. Sowohl wohnbauliche als auch gewerbliche Flächennutzungen werden vom regionalen Wirtschaftswachstum beeinflusst. In diesem Beitrag werden die Methodik und die Probleme von regionalen Wirtschaftsprojektionen am Beispiel eines mittel- und langfristigen Projektionsmodells der gesamtwirtschaftlichen Entwicklung in Deutschland und in den Ländern dargestellt. Das Modell verwendet den Produktionsfunktionsansatz, für welchen die Produktionsfaktoren Arbeit und Kapital sowie die Produktivität mit Hilfe zeitreihenökonometrischer Methoden fortgeschrieben werden. Die Ergebnisse für Deutschland insgesamt zeigen, dass das Bruttoinlandsprodukt im Zeitraum von 2011 bis 2025 trotz des demographisch bedingten Rückganges des Arbeitsvolumens weiter wachsen dürfte. Die unterschiedliche Ausprägung des demographischen Wandels in den Ländern wird allerdings zu regionalen Wachstumsunterschieden führen. Dies wird beispielhaft anhand eines Vergleichs von Sachsen und Baden-Württemberg dargestellt.
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A Federal Long-run Projection Model for Germany
Oliver Holtemöller, Maike Irrek, Birgit Schultz
IWH Discussion Papers,
No. 11,
2012
Abstract
Many economic decisions implicitly or explicitly rely on a projection of the medium- or long-term economic development of a country or region. In this paper, we provide a federal long-run projection model for Germany and the German states. The model fea-tures a top-down approach and, as major contribution, uses error correction models to estimate the regional economic development dependent on the national projection. For the medium- and long-term projection of economic activity, we apply a production function approach. We provide a detailed robustness analysis by systematically varying assumptions of the model. Additionally, we explore the effects of different demographic trends on economic development.
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Human Capital Mobility and Convergence – A Spatial Dynamic Panel Model of the German Regions
Alexander Kubis, Lutz Schneider
Abstract
Since the fall of the iron curtain in 1989, the migration deficit of the Eastern part of Germany has accumulated to 1.8 million people, which is over ten percent of its initial population. Depending on their human capital endowment, these migrants might either – in the case of low-skilled migration – accelerate or – in high-skilled case – impede convergence. Due to the availability of detailed data on regional human capital, migration and productivity growth, we are able to test how geographic mobility affects convergence via the human capital selectivity of migration. With regard to the endogeneity of the migration flows and human capital, we apply a dynamic panel data model within the framework of β-convergence and account for spatial dependence. The regressions indicate a positive, robust, but modest effect of a migration surplus on regional productivity growth. After controlling for human capital, the effect of migration decreases; this decrease indicates that skill selectivity is one way that migration impacts growth.
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Human Capital Mobility and Convergence. A Spatial Dynamic Panel Model of the German Regions
Alexander Kubis, Lutz Schneider
Abstract
Since the fall of the iron curtain in 1989, the migration deficit of the Eastern part of Germany has accumulated to 1.8 million people, which is over 10 percent of its ini-tial population. Depending on their human capital endowment, these migrants might either – in the case of low-skilled migration – accelerate or – in high-skilled case– impede convergence. Due to the availability of detailed data on regional human capital, migration and productivity growth, we are able to test how geographic mobil-ity affects convergence via the human capital selectivity of migration. With regard to the endogeneity of the migration flows and human capital, we apply a dynamic panel data model within the framework of β-convergence and account for spatial depend-ence. The regressions indicate a positive, robust, but modest effect of a migration surplus on regional productivity growth. After controlling for human capital, the effect of migration decreases; this decrease indicates that skill selectivity is one way that migration impacts growth.
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Economic Structure and Regional Performance in Germany, 2002-2007
Alexander Kubis, Matthias Brachert, Mirko Titze
European Planning Studies,
No. 2,
2012
Abstract
This paper explores the impact of industrial clusters on regional growth at the German labour market region level using a regional convergence model. Based on the results of an exploratory study of the geography of German industrial clusters, we are able to differentiate the impact of industrial clustering from a horizontal and a vertical perspective while taking regional convergence into consideration. The results indicate that in addition to an all-German process of convergence, a specific East German one can be identified. The different types of industrial clusters show mixed effects within this framework. While vertically isolated industrial clusters have a negative impact on regional growth in this period, positive growth effects can be identified when industrial clusters show an intra-regional vertical interconnectedness.
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Veblen, Myrdal, and the Convergence Hypothesis: Toward an Institutionalist Critique
John B. Hall, Udo Ludwig
Journal of Economic Issues,
2010
Abstract
An Institutionalist critique that draws from selected contributions of Veblen and Myrdal initiates a convergence debate. Challenged is a Neoclassical interpretation of economic processes expected to lead toward a catching up with respect to per capita output of Germany's poorer eastern region with the richer western region. Economic method is considered, and the Institutionalist School of Thought rooted in contributions of Veblen as well as Myrdal is touted for offering higher levels of explanatory power than the Neoclassical School. We challenge the usefulness of laws in Economic Science, and especially their applicability to the empirical economy. Instead of automatic forces driving a meliorative trend, we seek to establish that human agency and policy play determining roles in affecting economic and societal outcomes in Germany's eastern region.
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Selectivity, Social Ties and Spatial Mobility – An Analysis of Preferences for Return Migration
Lutz Schneider, Alexander Kubis, D. Wiest
Abstract
Die Abwanderung überwiegend junger, gebildeter Menschen aus Ostdeutschland wird häufig als nachteilig für die Entwicklungsfähigkeit und den Aufholprozess der Neuen Länder betrachtet. Das Phänomen der Zuwanderung – und dabei nicht zuletzt der Rückwanderung vormals Abgewanderter – findet in diesem Zusammenhang besonderes Interesse. Die vorliegende Arbeit analysiert die Rückwanderungsneigung auf Basis eines im Rahmen des DFG-Forschungsprojektes „Brain drain aus Ostdeutschland“ am Lehrstuhl für Sozialgeographie der Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg erhobenen Datensatzes zu den Einstellungen und Motivlagen aus Sachsen-Anhalt abgewanderter junger Menschen. Dabei wird auf folgende Aspekte besonderer Wert gelegt: die Wirkung des Arbeitsmarkterfolges nach der Abwanderung; der Einfluss sozialer Bindungen in der Herkunfts- und der Zielregion; schließlich die Selektivität der Rückwanderungsneigung. Im Ergebnis zeigt sich erstens, dass der individuelle Arbeitsmarkterfolg in der Zielregion die Rückkehrneigung verringert. Zweitens konnte die rückwanderungsfördernde Wirkung bestehender sozialer Bindungen zum Herkunftsgebiet nachgewiesen werden. Hinsichtlich der Selektivität der Rückwanderungsintentionen sind die Ergebnisse ambivalent.
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Is East Germany Catching Up? A Time Series Perspective
Bernd Aumann, Rolf Scheufele
Post-Communist Economies,
2010
Abstract
This article assesses whether the economy of East Germany is catching up with the West German region in terms of welfare. While the primary measure for convergence and catching up is per capita output, we also look at other macroeconomic indicators such as unemployment rates, wage rates and production levels in the manufacturing sector. In contrast to existing studies of convergence between regions of the reunified Germany, our approach is based purely upon the time series dimension and is thus directly focused on the catching up process in East Germany as a region. Our testing set-up includes standard ADF unit root tests as well as unit root tests that endogenously allow for a break in the deterministic component of the process. We find evidence of catching up for East Germany for most of the indicators. However, the convergence speed is slow, and thus it can be expected that the catching up process will take further decades until the regional gap is closed.
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