Analysis of statements made in favour of and against the adoption of competition law in developing and transition economies
Johannes Stephan, Franz Kronthaler, Frank Emmert
Einzelveröffentlichungen,
No. 9,
2005
Abstract
The paper is concerned with documenting and assessing statements made by policymakers, opinion formers, and other stakeholders in favour and against the adoption of competition laws with particular reference to transition and developing countries which have not yet enacted these kind of laws. For example, claims that competition enforcement might reduce the inflow of foreign direct investment, or that other policies are successfully used as substitutes for competition law, are assessed. In a first step, the method of generalized analysis structures the list of statements around core issues of common features to make them accessible to further interpretation and assessment. The paper shows that some claims are in fact country or region specific, and specific to the development level of the respective countries. In a second step, the core issues are assessed according to economic and legal criteria. Since the analysis focuses on transition and developing countries, the criteria for economic assessment are predominantly economic growth and development issues, but also include the economic coherency of a set of claims submitted by stakeholders in a given country. The criteria for legal assessment include whether claims are problematic in light of WTO-principles, or are even born out of a political objective which is incompatible with the spirit, if not the letter of WTO-rules.
Read article
The Absence of Technology Spillovers from Foreign Direct Investment in Transition Economies
Jutta Günther
Structural Change and Exchange Rate Dynamics,
2005
Abstract
Read article
Structural Change and Economic Dynamics in Transition Economies
Albrecht Kauffmann
Structural Change and Exchange Rate Dynamics: The Economics of EU Eastern Enlargement,
2005
Abstract
Read article
Technology spillovers from external investors in East Germany: no overall effects in favor of domestic firms
Harald Lehmann, Jutta Günther
IWH Discussion Papers,
No. 198,
2004
Abstract
The study deals with the question whether external (foreign and West German) investors in East Germany induce technological spillover effects in favor of domestic firms. It ties in with a number of other econometric spillover studies, especially for transition economies, which show rather mixed and inconclusive results so far. Different from existing spillover analyses, this study allows for a much deeper regional breakdown up to Raumordnungsregionen and uses a branch classification that explicitly considers intermediate and investment good linkages. The regression results show no positive correlation between the presence of external investors and domestic firms’ productivity, no matter which regional breakdown is looked at (East Germany as a whole, federal states, or Raumordnungsregionen). Technology spillovers which may exist in particular cases are obviously not strong enough to increase the domestic firms’ overall productivity.
Read article
Women´s attitudes towards employment and to employment and family
Andrea Besenthal, Cornelia Lang
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 1,
2004
Abstract
Für Deutschland zeigen sich trotz inzwischen weitestgehend einheitlicher institutioneller Rahmenbedingungen nach wie vor deutliche Unterschiede in der Erwerbsbeteiligung von ost- und westdeutschen Frauen. Die Zahl der erwerbstätigen Frauen ist in den letzten Jahren in den alten Bundesländern gestiegen; in den neuen Ländern ist sie leicht gesunken, bewegt sich aber dennoch auf hohem Niveau. Diese Differenzen lassen sich erklären durch die unterschiedlichen Erwerbsmuster, die bei der Wiedervereinigung aufeinander trafen, aber auch durch unterschiedliche ökonomische Gegebenheiten in den Haushalten und dem regional und qualitativ unterschiedlichen Angebot an Kinderbetreuungseinrichtungen.
Read article
Investment, Financial Markets, New Economy Dynamics and Growth in Transition Countries
Albrecht Kauffmann, P. J. J. Welfens
Economic Opening Up and Growth in Russia: Finance, Trade, Market Institutions, and Energy,
2004
Abstract
The transition to a market economy in the former CMEA area is more than a decade old and one can clearly distinguish a group of relatively fast growing countries — including Estonia, Poland, the Czech Republic, Hungary and Slovenia — and a majority of slowly growing economies, including Russia and the Ukraine. Initial problems of transition were natural in the sense that systemic transition to a market economy has effectively destroyed part of the existing capital stock that was no longer profitable under the new relative prices imported from world markets; and there was a transitory inflationary push as low state-administered prices were replaced by higher market equilibrium prices. Indeed, systemic transformation in eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union have brought serious transitory inflation problems and a massive transition recession; negative growth rates have continued over many years in some countries, including Russia and the Ukraine, where output growth was negative throughout the 1990s (except for Russia, which recorded slight growth in 1997). For political and economic reasons the economic performance of Russia is of particular relevance for the success of the overall transition process. If Russia would face stagnation and instability, this would undermine political and economic stability in the whole of Europe and prospects for integrating Russia into the world economy.
Read article
EU Accession Countries’ Specialisation Patterns in Foreign Trade and Domestic Production - What can we infer for catch-up prospects?
Johannes Stephan
IWH Discussion Papers,
No. 184,
2003
Abstract
This paper supplements prior analysis on ‘patterns and prospects’ (Stephan, 2003) in which prospects for the speed of future productivity growth were assessed by looking at the specialisation patterns in domestic production. This analysis adds the foreign trade sphere to the results generated in the prior analysis. The refined results are broadly in line with the results from the original analysis, indicating the robustness of our methods applied in either analysis. The most prominent results pertain to Slovenia and the Slovak Republic. Those two countries appear to be best suited for swift productivity catch-up from the viewpoint of sectoral specialisation. Poland and Estonia exhibit the lowest potentials. Only for the case of Poland would results suggest bleak prospects.
Read article
FDI Subsidiaries and Industrial Integration of Central Europe: Conceptual and Empirical Results
Boris Majcen, Slavo Radosevic, Matija Rojec
IWH Discussion Papers,
No. 177,
2003
Abstract
Read article
Vertical and horizontal patterns of intra-industry trade between EU and candidate countries
Hubert Gabrisch
IWH-Sonderhefte,
No. 2,
2003
Abstract
Trade between the European Union (EU) and the Transition Economies (TE) is increasingly characterised by intra-industry trade. The decomposition of intra-industry trade into horizontal and vertical shares reveals predominantly vertical structures with decisively more quality advantages for the EU and less quality advantages for TE countries whenever trade has been liberalised. Empirical research on factors determining this structure in a EU-TE framework lags behind theoretical and empirical research on horizontal and vertical trade in other regions of the world. The main objective of this paper is therefore to contribute to the ongoing debate on EU-TE trade structures by offering an explanation of vertical trade. We utilise a cross-country approach in which relative wage differences, country size and income distribution play a leading role. We find first that relative differences in wages (per capita income) and country size explain intraindustry trade when trade is vertical and completely liberalised, and second that crosscountry differences in income distribution play no explanatory role. We conclude that EU firms have been able to increase their product quality and to shift low-quality segments to TE countries. This may suggest a product-quality cycle prevalent in EU-TE trade.
Read article
The home market - precondition for export business of East German industrial enterprises
Brigitte Loose, Udo Ludwig
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 2,
2003
Abstract
In diesem Beitrag steht die Präsenz der ostdeutschen Industriebetriebe auf den ausländischen Gütermärkten im Mittelpunkt. Insbesondere wird untersucht, welche Betriebe ihre Produktion im Ausland absetzen und welche Faktoren die Auslandsaktivitäten beeinflussen. Zur Erklärung werden verschiedene theoretische Ansätze herangezogen, wie beispielsweise die Stellung der Betriebe am Inlandsmarkt, Marktsättigung im Inland, Lerneffekte in der Produktion und beim Vertrieb der Produkte. Gestützt auf diese Überlegungen werden verschiedene Bestimmungsgründen des Auslandsengagements empirisch auf der Basis der betriebliche Einzeldaten aus den amtlichen Monatsberichten des Verarbeitenden Gewerbes der fünf ostdeutschen Flächenländer bi- und multivariat getestet. Zugleich wird den betrieblichen Beweggründen für die Teilnahme am Exportgeschäft nachgegangen; die Grundlage dafür bildet das IWH-Industriepanel.
Read article
