Auctioning Public Financial Support Incentives
Ulrich Blum, F. Kalus
International Journal of Technology Management Vol. 26,
2003
Abstract
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Environmental policy under product differentiation and asymmetric costs - Does leapfrogging occur and is it worth it?
Jacqueline Rothfels
IWH Discussion Papers,
No. 124,
2000
Abstract
This paper studies the influence of environmental policies on environmental quality, domestic firms, and welfare. Point of departure is Porter’s hypothesis that unilateral environmental regulation may enhance the competitiveness of domestic firms. This hypothesis has recently received considerable support in theoretical analyses, especially if imperfectly competitive markets with strategic behavior on behalf of the agents are taken into account. Our work contributes to this literature by explicitely investigating the implications of asymmetric cost structures between a domestic and a foreign firm sector. We use a partial-equilibrium model of vertical product differentiation, where the consumption of a product causes environmental harm. Allowing for differentiated products, the domestic industry can either assume the market leader position or lag behind in terms of the environmental quality of the produced product. Assuming as a benchmark case that the domestic industry lags behind, we investigate the possibility of the government to induce leapfrogging of the domestic firm, i.e. a higher quality produced by the domestic firm after regulation than that of the competitor prior to regulation. It is shown that in the case of a cost advantage for the domestic firm in the production process the imposition of a binding minimum quality standard can serve as a tool to induce leapfrogging. In case of a cost disadvantage the same result can be achieved through an adequate subsidization of quality dependend production costs. Thus, careful regulation enables the domestic firm in both scenarios to better its competitive position against foreign competitors and to earn larger profits. Additionally, environmental quality and welfare can be enhanced.
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Growing German direct investments in Central and Eastern Europe and their support by the German state
Thomas Meißner
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 14,
1997
Abstract
Deutschland gehört bereits seit mehr als zwanzig Jahren zu den Nettoexporteuren von Direktinvestitionen. In jüngster Zeit geht ein zunehmend größerer Teil dieses Kapitalexports in die Reformstaaten Mittel- und Osteuropas. Diese Direktinvestitionen unterliegen einer beträchtlichen Förderung durch die Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Zwar war die damit verfolgte Politik zu Beginn der Transformation Mittel- und Osteuropas gerechtfertigt. Mittlerweile scheint jedoch die Grundlage hierfür großenteils weggefallen zu sein. Das Instrumentarium zur Förderung von Direktinvestitionen in Mittel- und Osteuropa zeichnet sich durch eine große Intransparenz aus. Auch drohen Mitnahmeeffekte.
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Development of demand for financial support loans for environmental protection investment in trade and industry
Walter Komar
Wirtschaft im Wandel,
No. 11,
1996
Abstract
Seit 1991 war eine starke Erhöhung der Förderkreditnachfrage der gewerblichen Wirt-schaft Deutschlands zu verzeichnen. Dabei nahm die Nachfrage für Investitionszwecke in umweltgesetzlich weitgehend regulierten Schutzbereichen stärker zu als in schwach oder nicht regulierten Bereichen. Weil vorsorgende Maßnahmen nicht umweltgesetzlich vorgeschrieben sind, deutet diese Entwicklung auf die wachsende Bedeutung vorsor-gender (integrierter) Umweltschutzinvestitionen in den Unternehmen hin.
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